The Meaning Of Ethics In Criminal Justice Philosophy Essay

The Meaning Of Ethics In Criminal Justice Philosophy Essay This paper attempts to assist in giving a clear view of what ethics can be and how they are apply to the criminal justice field. I often hear discussions about, what is to make a moral judgment, or argue about an ethical issue, or to live according to ethical standards? Ethics can be a controversial subject because of the relevance of it in our daily life and the application of such in our professions. What are our personal responsibilities and why should we bother acting in accordance with moral principals? Therefore, in order to value ethics and morality we must understand the concept. Often, the belief in human superiority is a very fundamental one, and it underlies our belief in many sensitive areas. Ethic is not something logical only in the context of religion and sometimes should treat ethics as entirely independent of religion. Some theist say that ethics cannot do without religion because the very meaning of good is nothing other than what God approves. Plato refuted a simil ar claim more than two thousand years ago by arguing that if gods approve of some actions it must be because those actions are good, in which case it cannot be gods approval that makes them good. (Peter Singer, 1993 p.3) The Meaning of Ethics When applying ethics in the criminal justice field, we (the general public) expect every criminal justice professional to be faithful to the ethical standards; and to apply justice in a reasonable manner. Therefore, forcing the criminal justice professionals to live and work in an environment in which moral ambiguity is the norm. However, the question remains, what are ethics and moral standards? Ethic is the study of what should be done. The terms ethics and morality are often used interchangeably. The word ethics comes from the Greek ethickos- meaning an ethos, habits, pattern of behavior or prevailing attitude. The word morality is derived from the Latin morales- meaning custom, conventions or social norms. Unfortunately, these derivations are a little misleading, because ethics and morality have come to mean much more than a description of behavior, custom or current practice. (Ian Kerridge, Michael Lowe, John McPhee, 2005 p.1) The field of ethics can be broken down into various sub-classes. One major division is into meta-ethics, normative ethics and practical ethics. Metha-ethic is concerned with moral claims and the meaning of terms such as right, good, virtue and justice. One of the goals of meta-ethics is to examine the general characteristics of an ethical system. Normative ethics attempt to develop moral frameworks (principles, rules, theories, and guidelines) to guide our actions and evaluate our behavior. Practical ethics refers to the implication arising from ethics in the specific contexts. For example, Bioethics may be understood as one type of practical ethics, as it refers to ethics applied to anything in the biological sciences. (Ian Kerridge, Michael Lowe, John McPhee, 2005 p.1) Ethical standards are expressions of consensual moral attitudes and conventions developed in particular religious/spiritual, social, and cultural context. Ethical issues are becoming increasingly important in a world characterized by divisions-political, economic, religious, ethnic, gender and cultural. As a result of such division and, thus, the multiplicity of sociocultural influences on decision makers, it is no longer always obvious what is good or right behavior in many public and private situations. (Devenish Dowson, 2010 p. 87). In the criminal justice field, as well as other professions, the nature of professional ethics are an expression that a multitutude of possible meaning, and it is frequently used to signify rules governing professional and profession. The standards of conduct for professions are organized around the way in which a profession carries out its work. Setting ethical standards is one way in which professions seek to persuade the public to entrust their affairs and confidence to members of the profession. (Banks, 2009 p.129) For example, ethics are defing qualities of the police profession as it consist of the behaviour and attitude of police officers while acting under the law. (Bowen, 2010). Furthermore, criminal justice practitioners must follow the common principles of natural law which is the sanction that regulates behaviour of people on the basis of universal traits and common experiences. This includes treating people with dignity, governing with reason, not challenging equality of the people, governing people with ethical behaviours that lead to societal contentment, mainting peace in accordance with the goals of justice, and depending on natural law, when formal rules are unavialble. Therefore, it is important to know and remember that in the criminal justice field ethics are meant to complement and reinforce the law, not to undermine it. Laws are ever changing, whereas ethics are constant. Law are logical, reactive instrument of social control, whereas ethics are regulatory and based on reason ing. (Robin T. Bowen, 2010 p.24) One problematic aspect of ethics (and accountability) is the assumption of peoples responsibility for their actions. In order to judge a persons behavior as morally right or wrong, there is usually an assumption that their actions are freely chosen. The idea of free will, therefore, central to ethical reasoning and judgment; however, we really do not know what free will is. (Tim Prenzler, 2009 p.3). Many ethical codes draw foundational principles and frameworks from moral philosophy. The teaching of ethical standards should address a range of normative theories as a basis for comprehensive decision making, and pay full attention to the role of critical reasoning in ethical argument. (Devenish Dowson, 2010 p.87). In conclusion, whether, in the criminal justice field, personal lives or any other any profession ethical and moral standards are an essential part of our daily living. Ethics can be misunderstood, and some people think that morality and ethical standards are now out of date. Some even view morality as a system of vicious puritanical prohibition. As far as making a correlation between religion, ethics and morality, religion serves to regulate, codify, and to direct moral understanding. Human beings have unanimously turned to religion as the vital source for moral regulation and action. Much of the world does not believe that morality is invented or sustained by human will and consciousness alone, but that morality is contingent upon divine principles. Sr. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), considered one of the greatest medieval theologians, adopted the philosophy that ethics are necessary for the common good of all, not just those in power or the elite. Ethics must reflect natural law, which is bestowed on humanity by God (Madison, 2005 p.85-86). Nevertheles, ethics are comparative to the society one happens to live in, so the consequences of actions should vary according to the circumstances.

History on Fathers Day Essay

History of Father’s Day Festival as seen today is not even a hundred years old. Thanks to the hard work and struggle of Ms Sonora Louise Smart Dodd of Washington that just as we have set aside Mother’s Day to honor mothers we have a day to acknowledge the important role played by the father. However, some scholars opine that Father’s Day history is much older than we actually believe it to be. They say that the custom of honoring dad’s on a special day is over 4,000 years old. There are a few more claims about the Father’s Day origin about which we will learn in this page. Earliest History of Father’s Day Scholars believe that the origin of Father’s Day is not a latest phenomenon, as many believe it to be. Rather they claim that the tradition of Father’s Day can be traced in the ruins of Babylon. They have recorded that a young boy called Elmesu carved a Father’s Day message on a card made out of clay nearly 4,000 years ago. Elmesu wished his Babylonian father good health and a long life. Though there is no record of what happened to Elmesu and his father but the tradition of celebrating Father’s Day remained in several countries all over the world. History of Father’s Day in US Modern version of Father’s Day celebration originated in United States of America and thereafter the tradition spread in countries around the world. The world owes thanks to Ms Sonora Louise Smart Dodd a loving daughter from Spokane, Washington as it is because of her struggle that Father’s Day saw the light of the day. The idea of Father’s Day celebration originated in Sonora’s mind when she per chance listened to Mother’s Day sermon in 1909. Fairly mature at the age 27, Sonora pondered if there is a day to honor mother then why not for father? Sonora felt strongly for fathers because of the affection she received from her own father Mr William Jackson Smart, a Civil War veteran. Sonora’s mother died while childbirth when she was just 16. Mr Smart raised the newborn and five other children with love and care. Inspired by Ms Anna Jarvis’s struggle to promote Mother’s Day, Ms Dodd began a rigorous campaign to celebrate Father’s Day in US. The Spokane Ministerial Association and the local Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) supported Sonora’s cause. As a result Spokane celebrated its first Father’s Day on June 19, 1910. Though there was initial hesitation the idea gained gradual popularity all over US and Fathers Day came to be celebrated in cities across the country. Looking at the heightened popularity of Father’s Day in US, President Woodrow Wilson approved of this idea in 1916. President Calvin Coolidge too supported the idea of a national Father’s Day in 1924 to, â€Å"establish more intimate relations between fathers and their children and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations†. After a protracted struggle of over four decades, President Lyndon Johnson signed a presidential proclamation declaring the third Sunday of June as Father’s Day in 1966. Then in 1972, President Richard Nixon established a permanent national observance of Father’s Day to be held on the third Sunday of June. Sonora Smart Dodd was honored for her contribution at the World’s Fair in Spokane in 1974. Mrs. Dodd died in 1978 at age 96. Other Theories of Fathers Day Origin There are several theories behind the origination of Father’s Day. Some believe that the first Fathers Day church service was held in West Virginia in 1908. Others opine that the ceremony was first held in Vancouver, Washington. The president of Lions’ Club, Chicago, Harry Meek is said to have celebrated the first Father’s Day with his organization in 1915 to stress on the need to honor fathers. He selected third Sunday in June for celebration, the closest date to Meek’s own birthday. In appreciation for Meek’s work, the Lions Clubs of America presented him with a gold watch, with the inscription â€Å"Originator of Father’s Day,† on his birthday, June 20, 1920. Some historians honor Mrs. Charles Clayton of West Virginia, as the Founder of Father’s Day. In 1957, Senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote Congress that, â€Å"Either we honor both our parents, mother and father, or let us desist from honoring either one. But to single out just one of our two parents and omit the other is the most grievous insult imaginable.† In countries where Catholic Church holds greater influence Father’s Day is celebrated on St. Joseph’s Day (March 19). Present Day Celebrations Father’s Day Festival has gained amazing popularity over the years. The festival is considered to be a secular one and is celebrated not just in US but in a large number of countries around the world including Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and India though on different dates. World over people take Father’s Day as an opportunity to thank father and pay tribute to them. On this day children present Father’s Day cards not just to their dads but also grandfathers, uncles, stepfathers or any other person who commands the position of a father in their life. There is also a trend to present Father’s Day gift to dad, most popular of all being necktie. Other popular gift being roses, the official Father’s Day flower. Many people rue that the trend of presenting gifts to fathers has led to over commercialization of the festival relegating the noble idea behind Father’s Day celebration.

The Juvenile Justice System Police - 2399 Words

For starters, contact with a police officer often is a young person s introduction to the juvenile justice system police account for most referrals to juvenile court. Law enforcement s role with boys and girls under the age of eighteen is challenging because there are laws that federally protect youth that commit serious crimes and attempts to aid them in a road to recovery to return to their communities. Police officers generally summon young offenders to the police department s juvenile division to question them and if necessary, confine them. At the time of an arrest, officers decide whether to refer young offenders to juvenile court or to send the case to the justice system. â€Å"According to the U.S. Justice Department, 83 percent of court referrals came from law enforcement agents in 2009.† (U.S. Justice Department,2009).Other arrests were deemed by the schools the offenders attended, the parents, the victims of the crime, and probation officers, if the offender had one. Under federal law, officers who had detained young offenders had to keep them secure while they were in custody for a period of no more than six hours. However, juvenile arrest procedures may differ depending on the police department. Police officers handle noncriminal behavior involving juveniles, Which is known as status offenses. For example, a juvenile who skips school, runs away from home and violates or have violated their curfew are all status offenses. The police may also intervene inShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Police, Courts and Department of Corrections in Juvenile Justice System765 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Police, Courts and Department of Corrections in the Juvenile Justice System James Francis Juvenile Delinquency American Military University Professor Robert Arruda The Role of Police, Courts and Department of Corrections in the Juvenile Justice System The juvenile justice system brings the juvenile delinquent in contact with the local police, the court system and if found guilty, the Department of Corrections. This paper will discuss the role of the police, the courts and theRead MoreFuture of the Juvenile Justice System1280 Words   |  6 PagesFuture of the Juvenile Justice System The future of the juvenile justice system is uncertain. There is a struggle to try a find a way to serve the needs of the juvenile delinquents and issue them a punishment for violating the law. In order to improve the direction of the juvenile justice system, recommendations are needed regarding community involvement, law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the private sector. These recommendations address issues that the system is currently facing and offersRead MoreAmerica s Juvenile Justice System Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s juvenile justice system has been around for ages and has had problems since its creation. The courts have failed to devise a way to help juveniles and keep them from even entering the justice system. More often than not, juveniles are forgotten and never dealt with until they reach the point where they are either going to be placed within the system or receive some sort of diversion or alternative. This is where the problem exists. There needs to be more communication between the differentRead MoreThe Role Of The Juvenile System For Young People1543 Words   |  7 Pagesthe role of the Juvenile system is to make sure they are convicted as a ‘young offenders’ where courts will looks to provide them with the most appropriate sentencing for young people (applies for young people under the age of 18). This is due to young people lack maturity hence their thinking process differ from adults, as a result, they are more likely to commit in risky and anti social behaviors influenced by their peers (Aic.gov.au, 2015). In Australia, both welfare and justice model is used inRead MoreA Case of Juvenile Justice Essays1116 Words   |  5 PagesCharlie – A Case in Juvenile Justice Melissa Thomas CJ420 – Juvenile Justice Prof. Amy Ng December 4, 2012 Abstract Children are gifts from above and need guidance and love. If either one is absent then they are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders or career criminals. The juvenile justice system has many players that facilitate the tools for a juvenile to use an offense as a learning experience. The juvenile encounters three important individuals; the juvenile police officer, probationRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometimeRead MoreA Historical Look At The Concept Of Juvenile Justice1394 Words   |  6 Pages1. Chapter 13 is a historical look at the concept of juvenile justice. What did you learn from reading this chapter? At the beginning of the nineteenth century delinquent, neglected, and runaway children in the United States were left with very little guidance and help from the government and the court system. Unlike today there was no voice for those kids who were neglected and left to find there own ways of survival which most likely ment that they would have to turn to crime to survive. If thatRead MoreWorking As A Juvenile Supervision Officer For The Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department1350 Words   |  6 Pages Working as a Juvenile Supervision Officer for the Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department, I come in contact with a lot of juvenile offenders. What I have notice during my tenure is that the majority of the juveniles I see are minorities, African- American, Hispanic and Asian young men and women. According to The Sentencing Project, â€Å"In 2010, African Americans comprised 17 percent of all juveniles, but 31 percent of all arrests.† Do juveniles of color commit crimes and come in contact withRead MoreStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations1872 Words   |  7 PagesStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations: As they come into contact with the juvenile justice system different, delinquent youths are treated differently in this system. Notably, the jurisdiction of this system and its courts also extends to non-delinquent youths like dependent and neglected youths, and status offenders. However, non-delinquents are not only viewed differently but they are also treated separately from delinquents. 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Security Requirements Possible Risks - 1342 Words

Security Requirements and Possible Risks: Benefits Elections System Angela Nelson CMGT/442 February, 25, 2013 James Summerlin Security Requirements and Possible Risks: Benefits Elections System Huffman Trucking, an established trucking company since 1936, has recently requested the implementation of a new Benefits Elections System to assist management in tracking and reporting the benefits of both union and non-union employees. A database system will be utilized to store critical data such as employee information, along with the benefit package of their choosing. Storing such information requires necessary security measures to be in place to ensure the total protection of the data within. The risks associated with storing†¦show more content†¦The ability of an organization to renew passwords frequently is a significant step towards enhanced data protection (Brown, 2010). To enhance the effectiveness of password renewal, system users should not have the ability to use previous passwords when renewing the current ones. Implementing password renewal on the Benefits Elections System will ensure secu rity measures are continually enforced, especially in the event that if an unauthorized user were to gain access to the system, the password would only be good for a specific length of time before it will be changed. Possible Risks â€Å"Risk† is a term that most people, as well as organizations, are familiar with. Risk can be defined as the probability of any possible threat turning into a disaster, which is why significant measures are often taken to reduce and/or eliminate such possibilities. By utilizing a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), Huffman Trucking can effectively determine the vulnerabilities associated with implementing a Benefits Elections System, and develop action plans to correct the vulnerabilities to prevent the risks from becoming reality. Several risks are often associated with the implementation of a new system, however, the main risks that must be considered by Huffman Trucking include: database corruption, human error, and hacking and other malicious attacks. Database corruption isShow MoreRelatedE Business Vs. E Commerce1552 Words   |  7 Pageswith meeting their functionality requirements since they certainly serve and meet the business needs behind their development; however, with the increase in demand for these applications, their development and updates are being realized at faster rate in order to stay in competition on the customer market. 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This approach builds a risk register that is populated with most likely attack scenarios. Following the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley in 2002, many U.S. companies implemented comprehensive policy-based internal controls frameworks. This approach focused on compliance with regulatory and accreditation requirements (e.g., SOX, HIPAA, PCI). Read MoreWhat s The Difference Between Hitrust And Hipaa?859 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizations are taking preventive measures in order to avoid breaches and possible fines. However, healthcare organizations are confused on what measures they need to take in order to protect healthcare information HITRUST and HIPAA are two unique types of assessments that share the common objective of safeguarding protected healthcare information but otherwise are different in how they are setup. HITRUST takes a risk based approach and HIPAA takes a compliance based approach. 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