A Traveler from Altruria Essay - 1313 Words

A Traveler From Altruria Many people believe America to be the land of the free and the home of the brave; a place where we all have the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The novel, A Traveler from Altruria ¸ written by author William Dean Howells, presents many of the ideals present in the culture of the late nineteenth century. The author uses the characters such as the lawyer, the minister, the professor, the banker and the novelist in the story to illustrate what is wrong the American society. The traveler from Altruria, Mr. Homos, comes to America to experience the everyday life in a country that promotes and prides itself on democracy and equality and has the foundation that all men are created equal. He is†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately this supports the idea that Americans truly only look out for themselves because those who do give back are few and far between. The professor has a major role in helping the Altrurian understand how American society functions. During this time period, education and business are kept separate, but the professor believes that one day they will eventually unite. The professor views businessmen as egotistical, self-centered individuals who abandon their morals in order to do what is necessary to benefit themselves. Education is seen as the opposite, a place for gentlemen. As a result, if someone wanted to be a good businessman he should not get an education because education would make him more moral and therefore less of a businessman. The banker believes education to be completely unnecessary because of the class system. The lower classes believe education to be unimportant because parents would prefer for their children to be at home working instead of going to school. The upper classes view education as unnecessary because they are likely to become businessmen and any education would simply give them a handicap. The professor himself agrees that his position is unnecessary. Without edu cation there is no way to teach others. There is no way to better our knowledge and understanding of the world around us.

Creativity and Innovation Free Essays

Introduction The nature of today’s business is highly competitive. So the success of every organization highly depends on the novel creative and innovative ideas. Creativity simply means thinking up new things. We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and Innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Innovation means applying those thoughts in to work. It is the conversion of new ideas into products and services. In a rapidly changing global world, managers must use all their abilities to forecast the future opportunities and threats. All these are for achieving and maintaining strategic advantage over the competitor. 2. Produce an appropriate rationale to persuade stakeholders of Aravind eye clinic of the benefits of creative and innovative management idea No business can win without make the stakeholders participating in their business. Stakeholders can motivate a business at a higher level by giving their support to the business. But the business men should take that advantage in a productive and efficient manner. Thereby their creative and innovative ideas can be converted into reality and thus the business can also be developed to a great extent. When we consider the case study, we can see that Dr. V, as the founder of Aravind eye clinic hospital struggled a lot to get his vision and mission fruitful. After analysing all risks associated with the vision and the future consequences they conducted a risks-benefit analysis and came up with new ventures that minimize all the risks and which provides more benefits to their future. Because of their creativity and innovations they have become the only hospital which provides Catarat surgery in India. For getting this kind of achievement stakeholders like owners,employees,customers,Government,communities,suppliers,investors†¦ etc, played an eminent role. Most of the people may resist changing. The success of a business man is lying in convincing these people about what will be the future benefits of changes that the company is going to test. The stakeholders are the key participants of any organization. The important justifications to persuade stakeholders of Aravind eye clinic of the benefits of innovation are: * We can go for the valuable opinions from the stakeholders whenever we need. They are more powerful resource to help in the difficult situations such as during inflation, technological advancement, employee attrition, strikes†¦ etc. Maintaining a healthy relationship with the stakeholders will help both the stakeholders and the organization to get the new information about the environment and the ways to improve their functions to a large extent. * Through communicating with the stakeholders frequently will help us to know what will be their reactions to our novel ideas, and we can change those ideas in to new one which can win their maximum support. * We need to know how best we can make them engage in our project. 2. bAs CEO how will you communicate creative and innovative management idea to stakeholders of an organization Stakeholders are the persons who have interest in knowing the financial position and performance of the organization. As CEO we need to know how best to hold them in our project and how best to communicate with them. We should know about what information they would like from us, their financial as well as emotional interest and what motivates them most†¦ etc,. The most suitable way to know this is directly talk to them. People are often quite open about their views and asking people’s opinions often is the first step in forming a successful relationship with them. For the effective communication with the stakeholders we need to keep in mind the following stuff: * We must understand first that who are the most valuable stakeholders of our organization. A stakeholder may be an investor, Government, supplier, employee, customer, owner†¦ etc. , We should keep a healthy conversation with all the stakeholders and should keep in touch with them often according to their importance or level of influence in our organization. * There may be some very interested people among the stakeholders, others may not car what we are doing and going to do. We should treat them according to their interest in our organization. * The products or services with good quality are itself a good communicator to the stakeholders. Thereby we can earn maximum support and benefits from them. * We should manage our stakeholders depends on the size and complexities of our creative and innovative management ideas and allocate the required time to communicate with them. * Think about what we actually need from each category of stakeholders and their level of influence in our organization. By analysing it we can communicate with the stakeholders in an effective manner. The matter or the messages that are going to convey must include what will be the future benefits of creative and innovative management ideas and try to convince the stakeholders to involve in the new project and persuade them to get maximum advantage from it. * We should work on to get the stakeholders to boost their level of interest. We should ensure that what we are doing is always af fecting stakeholders because if there are any problems we can discuss as early as possible thus reduce the problem by making discussions with stakeholders. . cEstablish key goals and priorities for implementation of a creative and innovative management idea using feedback from stakeholders. It is necessary to get feedback from stakeholders to establish key goals and priorities for implementing creative and innovative management ideas. In the case of Aravind the key goals and priorities for implementing creative and innovative management ideas are the following: * Setting fascinating goals : When we set goals it should be ensured that it motivates us. If we don’t have much interest in what we are doing the outcome will also like that without having any progress. So motivation is the first key to achieve goals. To achieve the goal we should have a commitment like I can or I must do. So setting goals which motivate us is very important and it should be the first footstep in implementing creative ideas. * Setting SMART objectives : The term SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time bound. Specific means it should be well defined and clear. Measurable means it should be measurable, so that we can measure the degree of success. Attainable means we should set the goals which can be achievable as anticipated. By setting realistic goals these are goals that require us to implement our ideas and it will bring personal satisfaction also. Time bound means the goal should be achieved within the prescribed time. When we are working on our dead line our sense of requirement increases and our achievement will also come faster. * Put goals in characters The physical act of writing our creative ideas makes it real and touchable. When we write ‘we will ‘instead of ‘we would like to’ in a sentence ‘we will’ get the power and the second lacks the passion and gives us an excuse if we get unfocused. * Make an action plan We get so focused on the outcome so we will forget to plan all of the steps that are needed along the way. By writing the individual ideas and when we cross each one off as we complete it we will realise our making progress towards our ultimate goal. This is important especially when our goals are very big. Fix on it Goal setting is a continuous process. We should build our reminders to keep ourselves in track and should make a time table for reviewing our goals. The action plan we set for ourselves can change but we should make sure that our importance, value and need remain high. 2. dAssess the barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea at Aravind Ey e Clinic Innovation barriers can be considered as organizational screening devices to filter worthy innovation projects from unworthy ones. Some of the obstacles and barriers to the implementation of creative and innovative management idea are given below: * Structural Barriers: Main barriers in this category include stratification, formalization, centralization and specialization. Stratification has been described in terms of allotment of rewards throughout an organization and degree of status, equivalence and ease of intra organizational mobility. Formalization means the degree to which an organization emphasizes following rules and procedures in the role performance of its members. If organizational members are expected to behave in predefined manner and innovation is not prescribed, fewer idea proposals will be generated. However, the singleness of purpose that accompanies formalization can make it easier to accept and execute new ideas. Centralization may be negatively related to idea proposals and positively related to adoption. When Specialization is high, initiation of idea proposals and idea adoption will be facilitated. * Social/political Barriers: These barriers pertain mainly to norms and power-related influences within organizations. Although accepted standards of behaviour and power may influence many organizational processes positively, some norms and power can have an influence up on innovative ideas. * Procedural Barriers: These barriers normally refer to policies, procedures, and rules that often restrain innovation. Certain procedures or managerial philosophies are also included in this category that although not officially codified, nevertheless can wield a powerful negative influence. * Resource Barriers: Resources like people, time, money, supplies and information may be affected. Innovation needs certain amount of resources beyond those needed for routine functioning. Implementing an innovation frequently requires that resources be shifted from one area to another. It will result in internal conflicts that can be very troublesome to the innovation process. * Individual Barriers: There are some individual barriers may arise while implementing the innovation. Fear of risk and failure of intolerance of hesitation and ambiguity are the most commonly cited barriers from individuals. Perceptions to innovation may be varied from person to person. We can find some barriers in Aravind Eye Clinic. Individual barriers and resource barriers are the most affecting barriers to them. 1. To implement innovations in their hospitals they have to co-ordinate the opinions of different people. Lack of such co-ordination is a main problem. 2. They have several branches all over India, so utilization of all the resources in an optimum manner will be a problem. 3. Because having wide spread locations they don’t have adequate staff in all their branches. 4. Lack of proper communication to all the branches is another barrier. 2. Plan a strategy to overcome identified barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea at Aravind Eye Clinics. The need to improve competitiveness of companies through their innovation performance demands continued execution of the broad-based innovation strategy. Every idea management process starts with idea generation. In our work we observe many barriers to innovation. Strategies t o overcome barriers to innovations are: 1. Reason If logic is undeniable then your case will also be irrefutable. If information or logic is suspect strategy is weakened. 2. Friendliness It helps others enjoy supporting you. Overuse may lead people to suspect your motives and competence. 3. Coalition It may seem overwhelming to others. It may be interpreted as conspiracy. 4. Assertiveness It is very effective when instant action is necessary. It may create bitterness with overuse. 5. Higher Authority It is effective when dealing with those who are unwilling to change. It may weaken relationships or be interpreted as a threat. The higher authority may view it as weakness. 6. Bargaining It may provide a quick result when you have something valuable/desirable to negotiate When we take the case study, by giving proper training and development to the staffs and other people may help to overcome some kind of barriers to innovation. Communicating with the stakeholders in a healthy way will help to reduce those obstacles. Communicate very open what will be the future changes that are going to conduct in the organization. 2. f Explain how a strategy plan for overcoming barriers will ensure innovative change is achieved. Now the AEC has become one of the most successful organizations all over India. The main barriers to innovations they have are: . To implement innovations in their hospitals they have to co-ordinate the opinions of different people. Lack of such co-ordination is a main problem. 2. They have several branches all over India, so utilization of all the resources in an optimum manner will be a problem. 3. Because having wide spread locations they don’t have adequate staff in all their branches. 4. Lack of proper communication to all the br anches is another barrier to innovation. 5. Lack of proper training is also a barrier to innovation. They are now providing more than one surgery in their hospitals. So utilization of their available resources in a productive manner is achieved by them. They have limited number of staffs to treat all the patients in a good manner, but now they are providing services to a great extent by starting new branches in remote areas also and appointed large amount of employees to meet all the requirements of all the patients. The wide spread locations of their hospitals make them difficult to co-ordinate all the activities, but through identifying and taking proper remedies to this problem they have reduced this barrier to a large extent. Providing good quality services are itself a good communicator to the society. AEC has achieved this kind of proper communication to the stakeholders and thereby they have attained their vision and mission fertile. 2. g Communicate a strategy plan for overcoming barriers to relevant stakeholders in an organization Stakeholders of an organization refer to those people who have a great interest to know about the organization such as their financial positions, performance†¦ etc. Key stakeholders of an organization includes employees, owners, investors, government, customers, communities, trade unions, creditors†¦ tc,. There are lot of communication barriers faced by an organization. The message intended by the sender is not understood by the receiver in the same terms and sense and thus communication breakdown occurs. It is essential to deal and cope up with these communication barriers so as to ensure smooth and effective communication. Overcoming the barriers to innovation i s much important matter in an organization. To achieve this there should be a proper communication with the stakeholders frequently. There are some points given to communicate with the stakeholders in an effective manner. . Use of Simple Language: Use of simple and clear words should be emphasized. Use of confusing words and jargons should be avoided. 2. Active Listening: Listen attentively and carefully to all the stakeholders while they are giving their feedback. There is a difference between â€Å"listening† and â€Å"hearing†. Active listening means hearing with proper understanding of the message. 3. Simple Organizational Structure: The organizational structure should not be complex. The number of hierarchical levels should be optimum. There should be an ideal span of control within the organization. Simpler the organizational structure, more effective will be the communication. 4. Give Constructive Feedback: Avoid giving negative feedback. The contents of the feedback might be negative, but it should be delivered constructively. Productive feedback will lead to effective communication with the stakeholders. The authority of the organization should take care of the communication with different stakeholders according to their importance or level of influence in the organization. All the strategies or plans which are formulated to overcome the barriers to innovations should be carefully communicated with all the stakeholders in an effective manner in order to get the maximum advantage from them. Conclusion By doing this assignment we can understand who the stakeholders are and how effectively an organization can win their support through maintaining a healthy relationship and by frequently communicating with them. An organization has different types of barriers to innovation and its success is lying on how well it can identify and overcome those barriers and make the business very successful. How to cite Creativity and Innovation, Essay examples Creativity and innovation Free Essays string(291) " regional patterns and national of technology development fleets the significance of external economic and non-economic factors that encourage the interactions of creative on all kinds of the community, which leads to economy into â€Å"virtuous circle† of technological development\." Today, MM is a multinational powerhouse, with more than $23 billion in annual sales across a product line 50,000 deep, from adhesives to optical film. It boasts 22,800 patents, many derived from its 15 percent program. The program has been key to m’s business strategy and could be a model for other companies eager to innovate (Bogged, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 0 Contents 2. 1 Issues of MM 2. 1. 1 Structure in Relation to Innovation MM Company established in 1902 in Minnesota, United States, with more than 35 business units in America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia. Its line of business includes sandpapers for abrasives, wet and dry papers etc. The company has a good structure which enable them to overcome the setback they had at their first market entrance, of which they come out with new creative technique to innovate ideas together, as a result of the structure of its employees to work together, the company had a major breakthrough in the global market. m’s structure is finely well- positioned to accommodate growth and enable it to respond quickly to its rapidly- changing business demands. Conventional research on organizational innovativeness has explored the determinants of an organization’s propensity to innovate. Although researchers have analyses the influence of individual, organizational and environmental variables, most of the research has focused on organizational structure. Within the field of organizational structure theories, there has been a long tradition of investigating the links between environment, structures and organizational innovation. Several studies have shown how certain organizational structures facilitate the creation of new products and processes, especially in relation to fast changing environments. The work of micro-economists in the field of strategy emphasizes the superiority of certain organizational structures such as; flat organizational structure, which is similar to the structure adopted by MM ever the tall organizational structure, which is similar to the traditional structure used by the company. These economists argue that flat organizational structure helps an organization to become more innovative, because it enables all the members of the company to take part in its decision making process (Bernard, 2011). Similarly, contingency theory argues that the most appropriate structure for an organization is the one that gives its employees the opportunity to take part in its decision making process. This is mainly a flat organizational structure. This structure enables the employees of the company to directly inform the management of any new ideas they have without any form of bureaucracy to discourage them or slow the process (Bernard, 2011). 2. 1. Leadership Relation to Innovation Goal achieved through the company to become a global spread as widely from America to include all continents, it means that the leadership was wise and act with tact, simply that the leadership of MM was commitment and role models, before they are statements and opinions without plan. The executive manager was painting a picture in his mind about the perfect ways for employees what they should be in the many, the focus of leadership was the ability to influence the workers and employees by motivating them to seek enthusiasm and commitment to achieve the targets. Opinion of the author that the behaviors practiced by executive manager with the workers and staff was effective approach, were his interaction with clear steps as planned already, the most important characteristics is coordination and organization and urged the workers to complete the work on time, and provided them with a great degree of satisfaction and degree of coherence of the group. Such an environment can be more effective than monetary incentives in sustaining innovation. The executive manager made explicit steps to foster an innovation culture based on trust among employees, in this environment the staff can be effective in sustaining innovation and the executive manager made clear steps to encourage and foster an innovation culture based on the basis of trust between staff and employees. According to (Woodlot Horny, 2002). Thinking in regularity and logical leading to organizational focus and thinking before planning and about planning is a natural evolution expresses minds, Requires basically to be clear on what we want to do at all levels for internal and external affairs And then put the appropriate plans and system for monitoring To make sure of doing things to the fullest is fine. Barnum, 2004) shows the main thing is focus to well Planning and it is what makes the Plan an effective strategy to innovate the most important things and focus is necessary to organizational success . 2. 1. 3 Linkages and Networking to Innovation The most important characteristic of the company MM is to communicate with the global and local communities and looking for the needs and interests of the customers, MM has established many of the communication skills to meet customers and hear their views. M has hired a staff to service the customers with dignity and respect and to feel the customers satisfied after the communicate with them by providing clear and sufficient information either through direct talks informally, or via email and so on. The company did not reach to the global of non-understanding of customer needs and engage them in innovation and give their opinions and their views. In cases of opening up new areas MM used the ideas and opinions of customers from outside the company as part of the development team for blending views and engaging them as part of the development team to mix views. Linking research and experience with customers led to enhance the level of customer satisfaction and knowledge of the product and how to meet its needs and helped to define the identity of the company not only meet the needs of customers but extend to many of the ideas that rise to the concept of creating a response to the wishes of the expected customers. Thus, these methods have served and satisfied the customers ,have increased activity and effectiveness of the company (Stern, 2001). The variations between regional patterns and national of technology development fleets the significance of external economic and non-economic factors that encourage the interactions of creative on all kinds of the community, which leads to economy into â€Å"virtuous circle† of technological development. You read "Creativity and innovation" in category "Papers" . 0 Analyze difficulties in using MM in different cultural situation Depending on the country of the author (Syria) has many advantages, including the presence of an important human resources and skills in the labor market academically and technically need to support and appropriate guidance to get the benefit desired and required from fresh graduate of colleges as well as international experts of Syrian origin. The establishment a futuristic company ( AZIZA ) the author will face many obstacles, including challenges related to community and economic environment and investment and business owners. Challenges related to the majority of the community members-the community in general aspiring to reach higher ranks of government and minimizing the importance of managing a business career as an option. Where the failure is treated always in a negative way and the entrepreneur in the case of failure Just for once-is considered human being failed a lifetime which limits innovation and development. In Syria, there is the problem of routine and bureaucracy in all sectors where high proportions in the institutions of the public sector and less in the private sector, which is Considered Bad of the work environment in Syria and must be combated to eliminate them through the process of contributing to the awareness community using modern technology to eliminate routine and bureaucracy and serious contribution to the idea of creating a single window (Haddam, 2012). One of the challenges and not to take full advantage of previous experience and be taken into account as a reference lichen performance of he work, as well as the policy of the state and the economic system in the country, the culture of the community is also full of routine, there is no full advantage of the technology and techniques in the field of electronic daily work, the lack of automation of processes in the offices which leads to lose time, which leads to lack of innovation (Haddam, 2012). . 0 Evidence of reflection on how insights relate to student own situation and how learning might applied in current situation Motivate the staff by a variety of ways. While a employee will rewarded by a rise of pay, another will measure their success wrought a promotion. Also the training could be a strong factor to motivate for the staff, and this also helps them to acquire a new skills. Thereby increasing performance of their Job and stimulates them to creative new things. Adoption of th e good incentives stems from a measure of fair and realistic comes the following results : Raising the level of production of employees, which is reflected on the production, cut the company costs by reducing the damage, the spread of a positive atmosphere between the members of the company because of the general sense of attestation and Justice, Increase in the number wishing to Join the company of qualified and creators, and the presence of a picture of a shiny bright and positive of the society (Fedora, 2005). What draw the attention of the author also is a constant quest of MM Company in the preparation of future plans for the administration the transitional phase. According to (Donald, 2012), organizational transition management is an approach to changing an organization situation from a current state to a desired future state. It is an organizational process aimed at helping to hanged stakeholders to accept and embrace changes in their business environment. Similarly, (Cotter, 2011) defines transition management as the utilization of basic structures and tools to control any organizational change effort. Change management’s goal is to minimize the change impacts on workers and avoid distractions. Examples of organizational change include; Mission changes, Strategic changes, Structural changes, Technological changes, and Changing the attitudes and behaviors of employees. As a multidisciplinary practice that has evolved as a result of scholarly research, Organizational Transition Management should begin with a hysteretic diagnosis of the current situation, in order to determine both the need for change and the capability to change. The objectives, content, and process of change should all be specified as part of the Transition Management Plan (Gaffer, 2012). Transition Management processes may include creative marketing to enable communication between change audiences, but also deep social understanding about leadership’s styles and group dynamics. As a visible track on transformation projects, Organizational Transition Management aligns groups’ expectations, communicates, integrates teams and manages people training. It makes use of performance metrics, such as financial results, operational efficiency, leadership commitment, communication effectiveness, and the perceived need for change to design appropriate strategies, in order to avoid change failures (Gaffer, 2012). According to ( Kings, 2012), successful transition management is more likely to occur if the following are included: ; Benefits management and realization to define measurable stakeholder aims, create a business case for their achievement (which should be continuously updated), and monitor assumptions, risks, dependencies, sots, return on investment, ad’s-benefits and cultural issues affecting the progress of the associated work. Effective Communications that informs various stakeholders of the reasons for the change, the benefits of successful implementation, as well as the details of the change (when? Where? Who is involved? How much will it cost? Etc. ). ; Devise an effective education, training and/or skills upgrading scheme for the organization. ; Counter resistance from the employees of companies and align them to overall strategic direction of the organization. ; Provide personal counseling (if squired) to alleviate any change-related fears. Monitoring of the implementa tion and fine-tuning as required. The corporation is like a tree that grows from its roots, core products are nourished by competencies and engender business units, whose fruit are products. Three tests are proposed to identify core competencies in an organization: a core competence provides potential access to a wide variety of markets, it should make a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the end product, and finally a core competence should be difficult for competitors to imitate. The core products provide a tangible link between identified core competencies and the end products. Organizations need to build their strategies within different clear scenarios, in different ways, based on different competencies for the purposes of achieving real advantages in the shadow of unknown, risk, and uncertain future (Canon, 2011). 5. 0 Discussion of challenges in transforming their learning into action given their particular strength and limitations This case study taught the author the importance of organizational change and how it helps an organization to become more innovative and competitive. It also helped the author to learn a detailed method of implementing organizational change, in order to avoid any form of disruption or problem in the process. This include; Prepare, Plan, Design, implement, Operate, and Optimize processes. In addition, this research helped the author to learn the importance of focus strategy and core competency and how they help an organization to become very competitive in their respective industries. The author also learned the disadvantages of individual work and how it negatively affects the productivity and innovativeness of organizations. In the author endeavourers as a future manager, will apply this methodology whenever it deems necessary by adopting the strategy and processes used by MM – Prepare, Plan, Design, implement, Operate, and Optimize processes. This is because; the method will enable him to assess and align the organization’s threshold capabilities with its strategy before implementing it. The strategy will also help to avoid individual work and equally help the organization to focus on its core competency, thereby gaining more competitive advantage over its competitors. The challenges that the author may face when applying this insight as a manager in future could be inadequate skilful employees and employees’ resistance to change. However, the author will resolve this issue by ensuring that the employees of the organization are encouraged to adapt to the change resulting from the new strategy implementation through rewards and training on the importance of the change to them and the organization. By so doing, the organization will always successfully implement any form of strategy relevant to its success and growth. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, MM is a very successful organization and a market leader, because of TTS ability to adopt new processes and adapt to the changes resulting from it. This also makes it to innovative very often, because it employees tend to be exposed to various operational processes, which helps them to constantly think of new ways to carry out their tasks. It also enables its employees to be constantly trained in vari ous areas, thereby helping them to learn and transfer new knowledge, skills, attitudes, and abilities to their Jobs. How to cite Creativity and innovation, Papers

Owen`S Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Example For Students

Owen`S Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Owens poem serves to uncover the lie that it is sweet and becoming to die for ones country. Owens use of diction, vivid language, and graphic imagery emphasizes his point. The poem describes the fatigue, blindness, evil, obscenity, death, sufferings, and disgust of war. It shows the true life of a soldier, lying low, ill, endlessly trudging through mud with bloody feet, away from and into the pain of gas poisoning of comrades, and away from the injured and dead, but never away from the memories. It ends with a bitter attack on those who see glory in the death of others. The only beauty in this poem is an idea that rest will come. Unfortunately, it is pointed out that the only rest is an undignified death; for those who sleep, sleep restlessly. The ugliness of war is described as low like old beggars under sacks, diseased coughing like hags, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind, exhausting drunk with fatigue, pointless floundring . . . Dim . . As under a green sea . . . drowning, careless of living or dead flung aside, evil like a devils sick of sin, disgusting like eyes writhing . . . blood gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. . . vile, incurable sores, bitter as the cud, and merciless on innocent tongues. The comparisons of lines 1, 14, 20, and 23 through 24, describe the soldier as someone the reader can see and war as the disease Owen wants the inexperienced to understand. 1 Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,14 As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. 20 His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin;This places the reader in the soldiers place?drowning, stumbling, and fumblingand shows the lack of glory in war. These lines tell the reader what a man becomes once he has been to war?less than an admirable human, drowned in evil deeds, and emotionless. Lines 23 and 24 give war a character. 23 Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud24 Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,They create a tangible entity for the reader. They show the truth of the creature of war?cancerous, bitter, incurable?and its eternal, undignified effect on the innocent. Owen uses plural pronouns and the past tense to describe what cannot be undone. He uses we and our to include the reader as part of the ill-equipped troops?as tired marchers and witnesses to death and pain. Owen changes to the present tense and singular pronouns to prove he was there and speaks specifically to those who could not know without experience. He relates urgency through his personal experiences to those who might believe that to die in war is a glorious and heroic act. He points a very strong finger at those who would influence the innocent. The thought of killing, watching comrades be killed, and of constantly trying to survive is horrific. Owens precise details of the emotions, thoughts and sights of the soldier, succeed to drive the full horror home. The scene witnessed by Owen is detailed enough to seem familiar. All the senses are used by Owen; the constant inputs of sound, smell, touch as well as sight increase the dimensions of his images. He attempts to connect war with other aspects of human suffering. Owen makes images and actions recognizable, even to those who have never experienced war. Poetry Essays

Pragmatism and Rationalism free essay sample

This paper analyzes the concept of pragmatism by Charles Sanders Pierce and compares it with Descartes notions of subjectivity. Charles Sanders Pierce is regarded as the father of Pragmatism. This paper sets this philosophy against the rationalistic and passive philosophy of Descartes. It describes how Pierce in his article How To Make Our Ideas Clear set out to clear the confusion about the notion of clear and distinct ideas in the traditional logic. This principle comes from the notion of fixing belief as a habit of thinking that tends to provide a suitable guide to action. Pierce starts his paper by criticizing the traditional logic for providing us with only neat terminologies about the notion of clear and distinct ideas. As he noted that a clear Idea is defined as one which is apprehended that it will be recognized wherever it is met with and so that no other will be mistaken for it (Descartes: Meditations). We will write a custom essay sample on Pragmatism and Rationalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pierce notes that this definition of clearness is just neatly crafted words and nothing, because it only amounts to familiarity of ideas and a subjective mastery, which may be entirely mistaken. A distinct idea on the other hand is defined as containing nothing, which is not clear. Pierce says that definition in not only circular but also it leads to the abstract definition of distinctness, which has nothing to do with the actual practical concerns. Pierce further says that it is now time to formulate new thought and a method of attaining more perfect clearness of thought.

The Story of How Canada Got Its Name

The Story of How Canada Got Its Name The name Canada comes from kanata, the Iroquois-Huron word for village or settlement. The Iroquois  used the word to describe the village of Stadacona, present-day Quebec City. During his second voyage to New France  in 1535, French explorer Jacques Cartier sailed up the Saint Lawrence River for the first time. The Iroquois pointed him in the direction of kanata, the village at Stadacona, which Cartier misinterpreted as a reference to  both the village of Stadacona and the wider area subject to Donnacona, the Stadacona Iroquois chief. During Cartiers 1535 trip, the French established along the Saint Lawrence the colony of Canada, the first colony in what the French called New France. Use of Canada gained prominence from there.   The Name Canada Takes Hold (1535 to the 1700s) By 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the  Saint Lawrence River  as Canada. By 1547, maps were showing the name Canada as everything north of the St. Lawrence River. Cartier referred to the St. Lawrence River as la rivià ¨re du Canada  (the river of Canada),  and the name began to take hold. Even though the French called the region New France, by 1616 the entire area along the great river of Canada and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence was still called Canada. As the country expanded to the west and the south in the 1700s, Canada was the unofficial name of an area spanning the American Midwest, extending as far south as what is now the state of Louisiana. After the British conquered New France in 1763, the colony  was renamed  the Province of Quebec. Then, as British loyalists headed north during and after the American Revolutionary War, Quebec was divided into two parts. Canada Becomes Official In 1791, the Constitutional Act, also called the Canada Act, divided the Province of Quebec into the colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. This marked the first official use of the name Canada. In 1841, the two Quebecs  were united again, this time as the Province of Canada. On July 1, 1867, Canada  was adopted as the legal name for the new country of Canada upon its confederation. On that date, the Confederation Convention formally combined the Province of Canada, which included Quebec and Ontario, with Nova Scotia and New Brunswick as one Dominion under the name of Canada. This produced the physical configuration of modern Canada, which is today the second largest country in the world by area (after Russia).  July 1 is still celebrated as Canada Day. Other Names Considered for Canada Canada wasnt the only name considered for the new dominion, although it was ultimately chosen by unanimous vote at the Confederation Convention.   Several other names were suggested for the northern half of the North American continent leading up to confederation, some of which were later repurposed elsewhere in the country. The list included Anglia (a medieval Latin name for England), Albertsland, Albionora, Borealia, Britannia, Cabotia, Colonia, and Efisga, an acronym for the first letters of the countries  England, France, Ireland, Scotland, Germany, with the A for Aboriginal. Other names floated for consideration were Hochelaga, Laurentia (a geological name for part of North America), Norland, Superior, Transatlantia, Victorialand and Tuponia, an acrostic for The United Provinces of North America. This is how the Canadian government remembers the name debate on ​Canada.ca: The debate was placed in perspective by Thomas D’Arcy McGee, who declared on February 9, 1865: â€Å"I read in one newspaper not less than a dozen attempts to derive a new name. One individual chooses Tuponia and another Hochelaga as a suitable name for the new nationality. Now I ask any honourable member of this House how he would feel if he woke up some fine morning and found himself instead of a Canadian, a Tuponian or a Hochelagander.† Fortunately for posterity, McGee’s wit and reasoning–along with common sense–prevailed... The Dominion of Canada Dominion became part of the name instead of kingdom as a clear reference that Canada was under British rule but still its own separate entity. After World War II, as Canada became more autonomous, the full name Dominion of Canada was used less and less. The countrys name was officially changed to Canada in  1982  when the Canada Act was passed, and its been known by that name ever since. The Fully Independent Canada Canada did not become fully independent from Britain until 1982 when  its constitution was patriated under the Constitution Act of 1982, or the Canada Act, The act essentially transferred the countrys highest law, the British North America Act, from the authority of the British Parliament- a connection from the colonial past- to  Canadas  federal and provincial legislatures. The document contains the  original statute that established the  Canadian Confederation  in 1867 (the British  North America  Act),  amendments  that the British Parliament made to it over the years, and Canadas Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the result of fierce negotiations between the federal and provincial governments that set down basic rights ranging from freedom of religion to linguistic and educational rights based on the test of numbers. Through it all, the name Canada has remained.

Advertising and Sex

Sex and indecency are very mature areas and should not be used loosely. In todays society almost anything goes. This should not hold true for certain areas; like sex. I intend to use many examples of sex in advertising and various studies to show how this strategy is not only over used, but is improperly used and viewable to all consumers, including young children. The advertising industry has taken a low blow at society and needs to focus their attentions on preserving human decency and uphold a higher standard of moral concern. What are we really dealing with here?As time grows older, the acceptance of more and more ideals is growing by the second. Not only ten years ago were standards different. I remember when girls couldnt wear shorts that came higher than four finger widths above their knees to school. Today this standard is not only unheard of, but laughed at. Foul language on television is more accepted. Video games are more graphic than ever before and advertisements are using the idea of sex or sexuality to sell products to all ages (including video games: they now have nudity in video games). Do we really want our children growing and learning room these explicit images?How can companies sleep at night knowing they are using corrupt techniques to sell products to our children? We are talking about corporate social responsibility (CARS). CARS is defied that a corporation should be held accountable for any of its actions that affect people, their communities, and their environment (McGraw-Hill, 1999, peg. 3). Companies have two choices in this world today. They can either be for CARS or against it. This paper will use both sides of the coin to view the argument about sexuality in advertising. Is the burger really that good?The advertisement industry is a no-holds-barred industry where just about anything goes. Companies need to focus their attention on their CARS more than getting the edge in ads. We might ask ourselves, who exactly is watching these ads? Who are they intended for? What are they selling? Sometimes an advertisement can actually be confusing as to what is being sold. I do not agree with a sexual display for irrelevant products. The reason I take an anti- sexuality view on the subject started from a Carols Jar. Commercial. In this particular commercial, Paris Hilton was displayed eating a Caracals. Ambusher. While eating she was dressed in black bathing suit crawling over a Bentley. Some might find it attractive and enticing while others find this a little explicit for them. This commercial is basically soft-core porn. The way she moves, the way she puts her finger in her mouthits very suggestive and very titillating (http://money. CNN. Com/2005). Said Melissa Caldwell, research director for the Parents Television Council (APT). Carols Jar. Responded by saying that the group needs to get a life. This isnt Janet Concessionaires no nipple in this.Its a beautiful model in a swimsuit washing a car (http:// none. CNN. Com/2005). The APT is very concerned about this matter considering this commercial airs in the hours of popular television shows such as The O. C. And sporting programs. Milton Friedman (1970) would agree with Carols Jar. Friedman believes in the interest of the business and the business only. In his article with the title that speaks his opinion, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits, Friedman states that only people have responsibilities business as a whole cannot be said to have responsibilities (Freidman, 1970, Peg. ). From Friedmans point of view if this immemorial, which more than likely improved profits, did not air because of some social value or norm then the company lost money. More specifically they would be spending someone elses money; the stockholders. The corporate executive made a decision to improve revenue for the company, which in turn makes more money for stockholders. He is not about to hold back from higher profits because of some social backlash. In the world of advertising sometimes bad press is good press. !Hold! A Mexican restaurant showed a lascar-clad woman posed with her hands on her hips over the headline 0 Tickle my Taco (Rotifer, 2003). In this case the owner probably thought this would be a good slogan to have. What he doesnt realize that the use of irrelevant sexual innuendos is actually more distracting attracting. He actually thought this was the best campaign he had ever had because of the numerous complaints he got. Another backfire experience involves a trucker business that had passed out calendars for his business with half naked women on each month.This was thought to be a perfect ad scheme until most of the people with the calendars actually forgot the name of his company. Advertising creators are so myopic as to believe hat publicity from offending people is always beneficial. They do not see it as being a distraction from saying positive things about the restaurant or store (Rotifer). Joe cool? Advertising is not created and used just to provide a smug example of public morality; advertising is honest because it has to be. What I mean by honesty is the product information is not all ways how it is displayed.Lets address the issues of what we care about, the way we raise our children, our ideas of right and wrong conduct, these in my view are all together. Lets take a look at liquor and tobacco advertising. The image of the Marlboro Man is one example. This type of advertisement depicts a buff, handsome, cool man smoking a cigarette. What message is this conveying to our young people? That it is cool to smoke. We all know it has been proven that smoking cigarettes can cause cancer. This type of advertisement causes the consumer to subliminally change their opinion of various items.This is why most advertising is geared towards the younger more susceptible crowd. Firebombed and who? The Caracals. Case is not alone in sexual content. Sex is everywhere we look in todays society. In The Prevalence of Sexual Imagery in Ads Targeted to Young Adults, Firebombed Fitch made an advertising attempt at combining a magazine with a catalog. They call it the analog. In this analog they TA regret young adults by using sexual imagery throughout their products. They increased their revenues from $50 million to over SSL . 5 billion in 2001.From these numbers one could say that sex does sell. In a survey taken in 2001 results found that 44% of young adults (age-24) said they are more likely to buy the clothes if the ad contains sexual imagery (Richter, 2003). Others may not agree that sex sells. Most people (61 %) report that sexual imagery in ads makes them less likely to buy the products (Richter). This quote was taken from the same article, but was used as a generalization about all people young and old. Other than being aimed at a much too young audience, there are more issues that are raised with sexuality in ads.Who wants to look like a celebrity? Lets talk about images. For example, most advertisements for clothing (I. E. Bathing suits etc), show shapely thin women and men. This has led our country to think that fat is demeaning and not socially accepted. This type of advertising has caused everyone to want to look like the people in the ads. Diets of all sorts have been developed to try to meet these expectations. But when their goals are not reached it causes depression, low self-esteem that in turn causes a poor image is developed.In my opinion these advertisements have a negative outreach. Who is to say only thin people look great? Advertisements do. These ads also have created anorexic teenagers, which has lead to serious health problems and even death. Advertisements often do not explicitly urge the consumer to buy a given product; rather they promise hat the products will enhance a persons life. If a stunningly attractive person claims to use a beauty product, that product may be assumed to be an element of the beauty formula.Ads arguing that consumers will be more attractive, accepted or appealing to other offer relevant to teens and young adults, for whom dating and group memberships are important (Richter). I Whats it goanna be? From one of my readings I have gathered two hypotheses about advertising that find relevant to our study. Hypothesis 1: A higher proportion of ads with sexual imagery appear in ads targeted to young adults compared to those targeted to mature adults. Hypothesis 2: Overall, ads contain a higher proportion of sexually dressed women than men (Richter).These two combined show that most advertising is targeted towards young males and that females are the primary source of sexual content in media and advertising. This could possibly lead to a bad outcome. Studies have shown that males viewing these sexual ads of women are far more accepting of sexual aggression towards females, including rape. These studies agree with the theories of Moses Papa (1997). Papa believes hat there are four criteria to our thought of social responsibility and that there is a trade-off between three of these four.These areas are; local knowledge, level of responsibility, shared consensus and relationship to financial performance. We find that most of the time local knowledge and relationship to financial performance are the one being traded off. Local knowledge would mean that the company designing the ad would know the background of the product being displayed and the target audience. Most of the time they do not take the product and audience into consideration, as we have seen. These companies are more focused on the relationship to financial performance: making a profit.Reaching perfect social responsibility seems very unattainable. These four criterion were setup as a guideline to reach such a goal. No program will meet all of these standards. They are purposely couched as ideals to be pursued, rather than as minimalist goals to be obtained easily (Papa). Whos doing it right? The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility is an optimistic outlook for todays society. A perfect example would be the Cummins Engine Company. Year after year this company insisted on donating to charitable foundations. And year after year they were threatened by bankruptcy.Any business or economics professor will tell you that their choices were not the smartest in the world. Their short term benefits suffered greatly because of these choices. Their long term, however have not suffered. They now produce over $5 billion in revenues each year. The iron law of responsibility states that in the long run, those who do not use power in ways that society considers responsible will tend to lose it (McGraw-Hill, peg. 4). Cummins Engines saw their long run capabilities and stuck with them. They prove the stewardship Renville that profits and social responsibility can coexist.

Federal law enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Federal law enforcement - Essay Example he study is to be able to present the actions and improvements in security measures that are done by the different bureaus that are in charge of the law enforcement in the United States concentrating mainly in the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Secret Service and the Central Intelligence Agency. In the United States, it can be observed that the law enforcement is dependent on the jurisdictions of the different groups that are responsible for implementing the laws that can be classified on the basis of the locality, the state and national concerns. In the study undertaken which is directed to the attack in the World Trade Center, being a national and international concern, the major law enforcers of the US are put into focus and scrutiny. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States Secret Service and the Central Intelligence Agency are the main groups that are responsible for keeping the American land and the population residing in its territory safe and free from harm specifically terrorism. In the event of such tragedy, the sufficiency of the actions and measures that are undertaken to fight crimes such law enforcement groups is in question. For that matter, a study on the actions undertaken to improve the security implemented is in need not only to determine the efficiency of the said groups but to improve the confidence of the population. The specific functions and actions on the improvement of the said bureaus are then the main issue explored in the study. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is one of the most important divisions in the US Federal Government with the main mission to uphold the law and protect the people from different types of threats. For that matter, it is considered as one of the main responsible authorities in the September 11 World Trade Center attack due to the expressed priority of the said group to protect the United States from attacks of the terrorists (â€Å"Quick Fact† FBI). Based on the study

Entrepreneurship.Excellent Leadership Qualities and Strong urge for Assignment

Entrepreneurship.Excellent Leadership Qualities and Strong urge for ethics and integrity - Assignment Example Clearly, this is a misconstrued notion that cannot be accepted in modern business management. Indeed, the modern day entrepreneur is expected to exhibit certain key characteristics, skills, and have certain background to the day to day management of his business, without which the business cannot be expected to grow. In this paper, some of the skills, characteristics and backgrounds that make successful entrepreneurs are discussed with real examples of how these features about some entrepreneurs have ensured success for them. There is specific emphasis and focus on emerging markets, but without any single emerging market in mind. The key characteristics that some entrepreneurs have exhibited over the years in various emerging markets, the aid of which has made them highly successful shall be discussed. Excellent Leadership Qualities The leadership of the company primarily refers to the management of visionary direction for the company. This responsibility is played by several people within the organization, and in some cases, some leaders becoming followers to other leaders (Coy et al, 2007). But as far as the entrepreneur is concerned, he is often seen as the last reporting leader within the organization. This is to say that the entrepreneur acts as the head of the organizational structure and is therefore the ultimate leader. In effect, the kind of leadership qualities that the entrepreneur displays will go a very long way to determine the visional direction that the entire organization will have. With the question as to what excellent leadership qualities are, Capelleras et al (2010) explained that it involves the ability of the leader to be identified with as many leadership styles as possible and learn to rightly apply each of them as and when they become necessary for an organizational scenario. In effect, a leader’s leadership must always be seen as appropriate in practice; and this is what constitutes an excellent leadership quality. Strong urge for ethics and integrity Show me a leader without ethics and integrity and I will show you a dying company and this is according to Benzing, Chu & Callanan (2005). Ethics and integrity constitute a personal and behavioral characteristic that is needed by the entrepreneur to make him trustworthy and credible in the area of business that he is involved in. with the advent of corporate image and corporate branding, stakeholders including customers, shareholders and suppliers are looking for corporate managers and leaders who represent not just a money making machine but an overall of credibility and trust when left with the finances and welfare of a larger group of people (Benzing, Chu & Callanan, 2005). Commonly, the way of thinking is that when entrepreneurs cannot on by themselves proof to be credible, they can easily use manipulative and unacceptable means of making their businesses grow. In an emerging market where most of the local customers are considered as vulnerable to market marketing mix strategies as lower prices, such entrepreneurs who are suspecting in their ethics and integrity can be tagged with dubious means of making their prices cheaper such as the invasion of taxes or use of unwholesome raw materials in manufacturing. Empowered Self Motivation Motivation comes in several forms, commonly intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In most cases, intrinsic motivation has been identified to be that type of motivation that keeps a person driving on when all other factors suggest that

Expanding Target to China Essay Example for Free

Expanding Target to China Essay China is, without a doubt, the fastest growing economy in the world today. Companies from around the world have wanted to tap into Chinas market to cash in on the tremendous success that it continues to experience. There had been many restrictions for foreign companies who tried to do business in China, limiting the number of foreign companies, and allowing only the big players to come into China. Even then, these big players from around the globe faced more restrictions and rules once they entered China. But things have changed since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001; a new milestone for this country, as well as for other economies. Since then, restrictions for foreign investors and businesses to enter Chinas market had begun to ease up. By December 11th, 2004, China must remove remaining restrictions on the retail sector in order to comply with the WTO rules. This means it will be much easier for foreign retailers to enter the market, and for current foreign retailers in China to expand (1). Many retailers from all over the world will seize this golden opportunity, and Target should do so too. Target, a Minnesota based national retail company, has come a long way from being Daytons department store back in 1961 to being one of the biggest players in United States retail market, as we know it today. Over the last ten years, Target has experienced a continuous incline in growth year after year. Sales reached over $48 billion this past year, a 10 percent increase from the year prior (2). Just like its revenue, the number of stores across the United States has been on the rise. Currently there are 1313 Target stores operating in 47 states, including 136 SuperTarget stores in 20 states (3). Not surprisingly, Target ranks number four in Triversitys Top 100 Retailers in the United States behind Wal-Mart, Home Depot, and Kroger (4). Globally, Target is ranked number 7 in the top 100 retailers worldwide (5). With this kind of statistics, Target has the potential and the resources to begin expanding into the international market, such as China. Comparing to Metro AG, a German retailer, which ranks a couple spots ahead of Target on the worldwide list, is not that much ahead of Target in terms of sales. And yet, Metro AG is one of the largest foreign retailers in China, along with  Wal-Mart and Carrefour (6). Not only should Target continue to expand domestically, but it should also start looking to expand in other markets around the world as well, such as China. This will allow Target to become a multinational company and begin creating a global recognition for itself in the retail sector. Now of course Target cannot dive right into the China Market and expect everything to just work out. Like any other company entering a foreign market, there are challenges and factors that Target must consider and evaluate before doing business in China. In this report, different reasons why Target should enter Chinas retail market and the benefits it offers to the company will be presented. Chinas economic status, political status, and economic status, along with options of entry and other factors that will affect Targets business, will be discussed. Chinas Economic Status China is currently the worlds most potential market for consumer goods. Its average annual GDP growth rate of nearly 10 percent for the last 10 years is the strongest among other major economies around the world (7). This is mainly due to the increase in manufacturing investment from foreign companies over the years because China is full of resources and cheap labor. Many products we see today are labeled Made in China since China has essentially developed into a manufacturing centre for the worlds consumer goods production (8). With a population of 1.3 billion people and having more consumers than Europe and the United States put together, it is obvious that China is by far one of the most attractive markets to invest in for foreign companies that are in the retail and consumer sector (8). When combining the strong, continuous growth of the economy with a population of this magnitude, the results are more money in consumers pockets, meaning more money to spend on goods. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers, the retail sales of consumer goods in China quadrupled with a span of 10 years (7). With this kind of statistics, it will be Targets best interest to pursuit an expansion into Chinas retail market. Chinas economy and consumer market will continue to grow. The more people there are in a  market, the more money will be spent. Everyone will always need food and daily accessories regardless of how much money they have, and those that have more money to spend will spend that extra money on other goods. So by setting up operations there, Target will have a chance to go along with the ride and reap the promising rewards that Chinas consumer market offers, which is what other foreign retailers are looking for. Chinas Political Status One of the major milestones for China, which made a global impact, is its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. This is the main reason why the forecast of Chinas growing economy remains strong. Since then, Chinas has begun to ease up restrictions on imports and exports, and also for foreign businesses entering Chinas market, most significantly the retail sector. By December 11, 2004, all restrictions on foreign retailing in China will be lifted, including restrictions on foreign ownership, number of branches, and geographic locations for where to set up stores (9). Currently, there are limited foreign investments in Chinas retail sector. In 2000, the Retail and Wholesale sector only accounts for 2 percent of the total foreign direct investment in China (7). Today, this percentage is not much higher than it was in 2000. This is because prior to Chinas accession to the WTO, there were many restrictions and regulations for foreign companies entering China. Some of the main restrictions were the annual sales volume requirement, assets requirement, and the minimum registered capital requirement. Before, in order to enter Chinas retail sector, a foreign company must have annual sales volume of at least US $2 billion, assets of at least US $200 million, and minimum registered capital of at least RMB 50 million, or about US $6.1 million. Also, they were only allowed to enter the market with approval, and in a form of a joint venture with local partners with no more than 49 percent ownership (10). This limited Chinas retail market to only the big international players such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Metro AG, etc, who all have already established a presence in China. But after China starts to comply with WTO rules next month; dramatic changes will take place in Chinas retail sector. Once all the restrictions for foreign retail companies are lifted by China, the number of foreign retailers entering China will increase sharply, both small and medium retailers. All a company will need is a good reputation and a minimum registered capital requirement of US $36,000. Other than a joint venture, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise will become an option (10). Also, the foreign players that are currently in the market will be able expand more rapidly under the new rules. This is another reason why Target should enter Chinas retail market, and soon. The percentage that the retail sector represents in the total direct foreign investment is still low, meaning there is a lot of room to grow. The sooner Target steps in, the more market share will be available for Target to gain. If Target delays its entry, other foreign retailers from all over the world will start to swarm in and the big players that are currently in the market will expand quickly; therefore making it more difficult for Target to create a significant presence. If Target decides not to enter this goldmine, then an incredible opportunity will be missed. WFOE or Joint Venture There are two options for Target to start business in China, establishing a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE) or a joint venture with a local Chinese company. There are advantages and disadvantages for both options, and it will be important to understand each. Joint ventures were the only way to enter China for any foreign company due to the restrictions set by China prior to joining the WTO. With joint ventures, foreign companies were able enter Chinas market easier. It really helps to have a local partner that is already familiar with the market and know the laws of doing business in China. Also, with a joint venture, it is much less capital intensive since the local partner will be contributing to the business. The downside of a joint venture is that it is difficult to find the right partner, and it requires a lot time because a good relationship must be formed before any negotiations take place. In China, a good relationship is the key to doing business. Some major causes of joint  venture failures have been overestimation of the partners capabilities, differing expectations, and different management styles (11). These are some of the reasons that limit a foreign companys desire to expand. WFOE, an option that will be open to foreign retail companies doing or planning to do business in China after next month, would probably be the direction that most foreign retailers will choose. It should be Targets choice as well when entering China. But before a WFOE can be set up, an application must be submitted to MOFCOMs (Ministry of Commerce) provincial-level counterparts. The applications will then be forwarded to MOFOCOM for approval. The approval process takes about three to four months, but approval is only granted if the proposed business will help the development of Chinas economy (12). Target will have no problem getting approved because it will help create more jobs in China, bring in more sophisticated technology to run its stores and operations, and increase manufacturing production in China since a good portion of the products that will be in Target stores will be made in China. The disadvantage of setting up a WFOE is that it is much more capital intensive. Foreign companies do not have anyone to share the investment costs with in the country. China only allows money coming from outside of the country when foreign companies want to set up a WFOE (12). However, the advantages that WFOE offers outweigh the disadvantages. A WFOE can enjoy the exclusive management control and operational controls with less interference from the Chinese government (13). A foreign company can bring in sophisticated technology without having to worry about losing its intellectual property or figure out how many shares the technology is worth in a joint venture (14). Because of all this, a WFOE can expand into other areas more freely. Although WFOE would be a capital intensive option for Target, it will pay off in the long run. Having complete control over its management and operations, less governmental interference, and less limitations to expand will be beneficial for Target. Chinas Social Status There are some other things that it must take into account before Target jumps into Chinas retail market, one of which is the social landscape of China. Just like in the United States, knowing where the customers are and where to set up stores are important strategies. The more wealthy cities are concentrated in Chinas east and south-east coastal provinces. The top ten most prosperous provinces in China are: Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Liaoning, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Chongqing. These areas are obviously where foreign investors want to go because of higher per capita income and consumer spending in those areas. Consumer activities in some major inland cities are slowly on the rise, but are still fairly undeveloped compared to the east (7). But it may be a good idea to start investing in those areas and capture those markets while competition level is still low. Target should obviously start with investing in a couple of the more prosperous areas, such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, or Zhejiang. These four provinces have the highest per capita income and household consumption, which means there are more money spent by consumers (8). Besides this, Target should start investing in the major inland cities that are beginning to develop, such as Wuhan, Chengdu, Changsha, and Sichuan. Almost half of Chinas population lives in the central and northwest provinces (7). Take advantage of the new rules that will lift restrictions on locations and the number of stores, and enjoy the benefit of being able to expand easier by being a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. The developing areas should be Targets concentration. It may be a little more risky, and sales may be lower at first, but it will be beneficial in the long run. The biggest competitors, both domestic and foreign, are mostly located in the prosperous areas (8). It will be more difficult to establish a solid foothold in Chinas retail market if Target starts off trying to compete with big foreign players such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour, or big domestic players such as Lianhua and Hualian, all of which are much more familiar with the market. So it will be a good idea for Target to tap into the less developed major  inland cities and create a niche market while competition is still very low in those areas. This can help them develop a presence in China, and become one of the major foreign players in Chinas retail market. U.S. Commercial Service After understand all the details described previously throughout the report, Target still needs some help entering Chinas retail market. Target is very successful in the United States, but China is a totally different market. There are different consumers, different languages, and different laws. Target needs to find someone that is familiar with the languages (Chinese and English), the Chinese retail market, and all the rules that foreign business must comply with. It would be the best if Target has some managers that fit these criterions within the corporation because then those people can be assigned to assist in Targets plan to enter China. They will be familiar with Chinas market and rules, as well as Targets objectives and operations. But if there are no qualified candidates within Target, then this is where the U.S. Commercial Service comes in play to help. The U.S. Commercial Service offers customized solutions to help US companies enter and expand in the China Market. They have six offices in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. There are several services that a US company can purchase, one of which is the Gold Key Service (GKS). This service identifies and arranges appointments with the people that the company will need to meet in order to break into the China market successfully. The U.S. Commercial Service will tailor the service to the companys needs. They can assess the competition, and/or find lawyers, consultants, government officials, agents and distributors, etc (15). This is a great service that Target should use if they do not have people to use internally. Going into a foreign market, especially China, without being knowledgeable in the countrys laws and regulations, competition, consumers, and business environment is very risky. Any company that does this is essentially setting up for failure in the new market. This is why Target  needs to find experts that know how to do business in China. By being able to access competition, access the business environment, and working with a consultant or lawyer that knows the business laws in China will definitely help Target develop a safe and successful entry into Chinas retail market. To order the Gold Key Service from the U.S. Commercial Service, all Target have to do is contact the nearest U.S. Commercial Service assistance center, call 1-800-USA-Trade, or email their FCS Beijing Office at [emailprotected] (15). Other Factors In the Chinese culture, the colors red and gold are favorable colors. They represent happiness, good luck, and good fortune. During festive holidays, such as Chinese New Year, red is seen every where. All businesses, as well as households, would put up red lanterns and decorations. This may be beneficial to Target since red is Targets color. By having red in the stores in China, it may attract more consumers because people may associate the Target stores with the same meanings that they associate with the colors, especially during festive holidays. Aside from culture, Target should look into other things, such as education in China. Education is very important to Chinas future development if it is to be sustainable, but it is not an easy task. The government has been focusing on the countrys economic development, and has neglected to improve the education system and health. However, the governments new goal is to raise education spending to about 4 percent of GPD, with help from the private sector (8). In the United States, Target currently have a Community Giving Program where Target gives back over $2 million a week to neighborhoods, programs, and schools across the country (16). If Target sets up a similar program in China, it may help build its reputation in the China market. By helping the community receive better education, improving living conditions, and improving living standards will help Target gain favoritism from both consumers and the government, which can only help Targets goal for success in the market. Conclusion China offers a golden opportunity for foreign retailers, such as Target. Target should take advantage of Chinas accession to the WTO and seize the opportunity by entering Chinas retail market. There are many factors that Target must review and consider before entering China. Main factors like Chinas economic status, political status, and social status. As well as evaluating options of entry (WFOE vs. JV), understanding the culture, assessing both foreign and domestic competitions, and become knowledgeable in business rules and regulations in the country. Target will be very successful in establishing a foothold in Chinas retail market and become a major foreign retailer in the country as long as all aspects are carefully reviewed, planned, and understood. Targets presence and success has been well established in the United States, and now it is time to expand to the next big thing China. End Notes (1) http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/0401/01.html (2) http://quicktake.morningstar.com/Stock/Income10.asp?Country=USASymbol= TGTstocktab=finance (3) http://www.targetcorp.com/targetcorp_group/investor-relations/investor- relations.jhtml (4) http://www.stores.org/pdf/04TOP100chart2.pdf (5) http://retailindustry.about.com/library/bl/03q2/bl_rf100603.htm (6) http://www.bjreview.com.cn/200414/Business-200414(C).htm (7) http://www.pwchk.com/home/webmedia/1024303622085/RetailMarket_ China.pdf (8) http://www.pwcglobal.com/gx/eng/about/ind/retail/wef%20jan04_external.pdf3 (9) http://en-1.ce.cn/subject/RetailinginChina/RegulationPolicy/200409/29/ t20040929_1882374.shtml (10) http://www.osec.ch/~0xc1878d1b_0x0001b994/Investments/foreign_investment_ restrictions_in_trade_and_retail_lifted/en/china_fipdf (11) http://www.sinomedia.net/eurobiz/v200404/story0404.html (12) http://www.isinolaw.com/jsp/fie/fie/FIE_wfoe1.jsp?LangID=0 (13) http://english.sohu.com/2004/07/04/81/article220848132.shtml (14) http://www.businessweek.com/adsections/country/asia/ (15) http://www.buyusa.gov/china/en/gks.html (16) http://target.com/target_group/community_giving/index.jhtml

As I Lay Dying Essay -- Literary Analysis, William Faulkner

William Faulkner’s portrayal of women, Addie Bundren specifically, in As I Lay Dying presents an interesting look into the gender politics of the south in the 1930s. Addie lies at the heart of the novel; yet despite being the heart, her presence for most of the story is as a corpse. Faulkner only gives her one chapter to explain herself; and it is her desire to be buried in Jefferson that sets in motion everything that happens in the novel. There is a profound tension at work between words and Truth her chapter: Addie ascribes no value to words, they are nothing more than dead sounds. And despite her claim that words are â€Å"quick and harmless†, she is tricked by them, and relies on them to take her revenge on Anse. While the word â€Å"sin† means nothing to Addie, she is nevertheless consumed by the idea of Sin. The fundamental problem for the reader is how to decipher a chapter of words when Addie says they are empty shapes. Addie’s nihilistic approach to language reveals her attempt to escape her subjugation as a woman: as a â€Å"woman†, Addie cannot help but fall into the traps of â€Å"wife† and â€Å"mother†, and their associated duities. Addie’s chapter placement complicates the novel, as it is placed after she dies; Faulkner does not make it clear whether he is presenting her voice from beyond the grave or if this is supposed to have taken place sometime in the past. From the very beginning of the chapter, Addie shows a darkness in her heart that the reader has not seen before. She hates children (169). She hates her father for bringing her into the world; and telling her that the â€Å"reason for living [is] to get ready to stay dead a long time† (169). She doesn’t appear to take any pleasure in living, except when she punishes her st... ...idelity; she â€Å"merely took the precautions that he thought necessary for his sake, not for [her] safety, but just as [she] wore clothes in the world’s face† (175). She continues her rebellion in her treatment of Jewel: rather than treating Jewel worse because he is a constant reminder of his sin, he is her favorite child, believing that he will save her from the water and the fire (168)—which Jewel does in turn; he rescues her body from the river, and single handedly carries her body from Gillespie’s burning barn. She identifies Jewel as her savior because he is the symbol of her rebellion. Addie’s carries out her final, and most damning act of revenge, by making Anse promise to take her body to Jefferson. This request places Addie’s dead family explicitly above Anse and her children, and she knows that Anse will carry it out because he is bound by his word.

Opponents of Globalization Essay

Globalization is a dream that any idealist would want but developing countries have been paying the price for capitalism. International trade may be reaping profits for rich countries but it also destroys cultural identity and further impoverishes Third World countries. It is inevitable that globalization would homogenize people. To be able to market their goods, multi-national corporations need to create â€Å"the same values, the same tastes and use the same advertising† (Turning Point Project, 2002, para. 3). Participating in global markets also requires adapting to the language of the key players. A factual example is when â€Å"an advisory commission to the late Japanese Prime Minister Obuchi suggested that English be adopted as the second official language of Japan† (Kawai, 2003, para. 1). Altering the language of a people can directly make a nation lose its identity. These efforts drown local tastes from which domestic industries rely on therefore causing the collapse of national businesses which can cause further poverty. To be able to play in the international arena, developing countries rely on loans from global financial entities to sustain productivity. â€Å"Third World countries mortgage their future by selling off irreplaceable capital-their natural resources (Suzuki, 2003, p. 96). In fact, Brazil has chosen to allow the destruction of the Amazon forests to pay off their loans. Perseverance to pay the debts also pushes these poor countries to grow a certain crop as compared to their natural tendency to plant the different basic food to meet the needs of their population. The shift of land away from local food crops decreases the supply and increases the price, thus further impoverishing the people (Gore, 2006, p. 54) . These debts are therefore purpose-defying. The world is beautiful because of cultural diversity and each nation needs to protects its natural resources. Globalization poses a threat to the impoverished and should be controlled before it further destroys lives.

The Nanking Massacre

The Nanking Massacre The Rape of Nanking was a tragic time in Chinese history. This event will never be forgotten by the people in the once capital of China. An estimated 300,000 innocent people were killed in a matter of months. The Japanese have never apologized for the disturbing event and to this day the Japanese deny that the massacre ever took place. The Rape of Nanking will never be forgotten for this city has been scared with tragedy since this gruesome massacre. Is this Massacre actually Genocide, or is this just a result of poor command over Japanese soldiers?I believe that this event is in fact genocide, and it was a terrible event in time. It was a tragic December day in the beautiful city of Nanking. Japanese soldiers were making their way into the unprepared city. All the residents fled to the safety, a small area where tourists and German soldiers could not be harmed by the Japanese (Genocide in China. ) Only a few citizens were able to flee to the safety zone, for the re was only enough room for a few hundred people. The roads were empted, and everyone locked the selves in their homes.The Japanese soldiers had surrounded the city, there was no way the refugees could escape the now taken city. Once the Japanese had surrounded the city, they began their violent rampage. The soldiers began to raid the banks, government offices, and the warehouses. Once all important buildings were taken, the soldiers started killing civilians. (Genocide in China. ) Once the citizens heard the gun fire, most ran out of their homes in an attempt to leave the city. There were two main roads which lead out of the city; the Japanese had set up areas throughout the streets to shoot the fleeing citizens. 0,000 people were killed the first day the Japanese intruded this capital city. Numerous war crimes were committed during the massacre. Some of the worst war crimes in history were committed during the raid on Nanking. A few days after the Japanese invaded Nanking they beg an to run amuck. The soldiers were out of line, and weren’t following the rules of battle. Japanese soldiers captured the surviving Nanking soldiers, and sent them to a large camp outside of the city limits. Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) The Japanese soldiers soon were running out of food for the soldiers, so the thought there only option was to kill off the remaining Nanking soldiers. The Japanese soldiers would starve the war prisoners and when the Chinese were near death they would march them into fields. (Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) On the way toward the fields the Japanese soldiers told the captives they would receive food and work. The Japanese lied to the soldiers, for when they reached the fields, the prisoners were killed in a line of machine gun fire.Group by group the captives were lined up and shoot down into massive graves. If the enemy soldiers ran out of ammunition, they would burn the prisoners of war alive. So many practices of execution were perfor med it is hard to keep track of here are some less used forms of executing the prisoners. Chinese soldiers were used for bayonet practices, shooting practice, and were beheaded in the streets. Japanese soldiers would often have contests to see who could kill the most people. There are accounts of Japanese men killing as many as 150 men, women and children on their own.The women citizens had it far worse than the men did. (Genocide) Women were often raped and killed. If a woman was to survive, she would often be made a sex slave for the Japanese soldiers. Females from the age of 9 to 80 were raped and killed. (Case Study: The Nanjing Massacre) The dead bodies of the women were thrown into the street, and were left there for days. Some many atrocities took place throughout the Nanking Massacre that’s it is hard to mention all of them. A total of 300,000 Chinese soldiers, and civilians were killed in the Nanking Massacre.This might seem like a small number compared to other mass acres, but when you look closer at it, it becomes even more tragic. The city of Nanking wasn’t even captured for a year. The survivors tell such terrible stories, of the horror that was swept across the thriving town of Nanking, China. For the remaining survivors this event will never leave their memory. This brings up the question, why did the Japanese do this? This terrible massacre is one that was not as widely broadcasted. This is due to the fact that the Japanese Government had denied this event ever took place.The Japanese people believe that the Chinese people are unclean. The Japanese think this because they think the Chinese people don’t keep themselves clean. The Japanese felt that the Chinese are dirty people who pollute the environment and destroy the fertile land. The Japanese also believed that it was their destiny to obtain the land of China. So why is this massacre considered Genocide? This massacre is considered genocide for many reasons. Japanese peop le had killing contests, in order to kill as many Chinese civilians as possible. Two Roads of Blood) In order to kill more Chinese civilians, the Japanese soldiers would have competitions to see who could kill the most civilians. They had no respect for any of the Chinese people, as if they treated the Chinese as pests they needed to kill. This method wasn’t working for the extermination, so the Japanese soldiers began sending men to work camps, where they would work the men almost to death, then march them to killing fields. This is a clear example of genocide. The final example of genocide is the fact that they took no prisoners. Genocide) If a Chinese soldier decided to surrender the Japanese soldier would kill the man on the spot. Through all this gruesome events, this massacre is considered to be genocide by people around the world. The Nanking massacre was a terrible event in history. Through years of hatred toward China the Japanese committed this terrible genocide. Th rough killing contests’, killing fields, and not giving prisoners this event is technically considered genocide. The Japanese wanted to exterminate the Chinese people in order to take land, which the Japanese thought was rightfully theirs. This event will never be forgotten.

The African-American Warrant f essays

The African-American Warrant f essays History 110 (Honors Option) Dr. Siri Briggs Brown Critical Response Paper The African American Warrant for Reparations In his article, Molefi Kete Asante attempts to present a detailed argument as to why African-Americans are due reparations. He states that there are moral, legal, economic, and political ideas that combined, warrant payment of reparations to the descendants of the Africans who worked under duress for nearly 250 years and that the only remedy for such an immense deprivation of life and liberty is an enormous restitution. It is his belief that the idea of reparations is a restorative justice issue. However, his argument is no different that any other: same story, different author. As an African-American, I do not believe in reparations. I am an us in the view of reparationists only because I am Black. I feel that many of the supporters of this argument are salivating at the thought of receiving a check, even if they cant identify a single slave from their family tree. Then there are those who are desperate for excuses to explain their personal failures and shortcomings. You hear it all the time, the White man did this and the White man is the reason for that and They owe us! No one owes us anything. Asante neglects the fact that Blacks as a whole are not in the same category as Jews or Japanese Americans who received compensation. These groups received reparations for specific acts of injustice that they, not their ancestors, suffered, and rightfully so. In cases such as Rosewood, Florida and Tulsa, Oklahoma, where Blacks have a clearly defined grievance, there is a legitimate right for compensation to be demanded. We should just get over it and move on. The truth of the matter is that we are much better off for being part of the they, meaning Americans, than we would had our ...

Chaos in the Caribbean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chaos in the Caribbean - Case Study Example In addition, Avey’s responsibilities as the Jamaican government expertise witness involved giving forensic examination and audit assistance. He employed professional examination techniques to carry out an investigation in a way that his findings would be relevant when presented to a court of law (De-Carmoy, 1990). An alert expert witness declaration is essential in any investigation. Avey had an adequate comprehension of the legal course, regulatory and statutory issues of compliance, and pertinent rules of evidence. This made him the most suitable candidate to be appointed by the Jamaican government. Moreover, he investigated evidence that regarded affirmations. This was to determine the evidence association to ascertained criteria performed as required by a court of law. Avey carried out his research on the basis of reliable principles of accounting. This assisted him hastily find out misdealing in Blaise Merchant Bank and Trust Company where finances were lent from a single Blaise financial unit to corporations managed by its main shareholders. In the case involving Century National Bank and its associated financial units, he established dishonesty was the main reason for the issues (McLaughlin, 2006). Question 2 Avey employed professional forensic accounting techniques to investigate the link between Blaise Merchant Bank and Trust Company, Eagle Merchant Bank, and Century National Bank and its associated financial units. Avey may have used source and application of funds technique. This method is utilized when enormous amounts of finances are used for personal gain or growth as a substitute of buying investments or assets. For example, in the Century National Bank and its associated financial unit’s case, the bank used depositors’ money to obtain assets like real estate for the possible personal benefit of the people who managed the financial institutions instead of the benefit of the institutions (McLaughlin, 2006). In addition, the ap plication of funds technique may have been applied in the Eagle merchant Bank case. Here, instead of the depositors’ funds being used for the benefit of the financial institution, the money was misused. This was in connection with the building of a hotel that was intended as an apartment complex with 130 room suites. Avey may also have used analytical tools during his investigation. Forensic accountants make use of trending to examine financial numbers within a period (De-Carmoy, 1990). Trending entails performing indicators ratio analyses, for example, working capital and inventory turnover to ascertain deceitful financial statements. Avey used trending to detect self-dealing in Blaise Merchant Bank and Trust Company. In this case, finances were given out from a sole Blaise financial unit to corporations managed by key shareholders. Donald Panton and his wife’s funds were utilized to finance the institution’s owners businesses. Question 3 The troubles in the fi nancial sector began when Blaise Merchant Bank and Trust Company was temporarily managed by the Finance and planning minister.

Definition Essay: Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of Racism - Essay Example Racism was institutionalized and given support from all quarters of the government as well as parts of the society. The Blacks were denied their Civil Rights and opportunity to participate in any political, social and economic matters. Racism also accounts for heavy prejudice based on race that entails discrimination and segregation against the race that is inferior. Racism was a very powerful force to reckon with in American society and hence the Blacks were neither favored nor given any prominence for any of their talent, which includes their artistic or intellectual abilities. They were not given admission to good educational institutions nor were they allowed to enter theaters or Hotels. Racism could also be described as the hatred or intolerance of one race towards another. Before and during the wars the Whites felt it below their dignity to induct the Blacks into the army. It is only when all the vacancies had been filled by the Whites and they badly needed hands to help in the war, did they begin recruiting Blacks who bravely served the country all through the war- some of them were so heroic that they served until their last breath. Racism wears different masks – but basically, the psychological pre-condition for racism is nothing but anxiety or contempt towards another race in order to secure or reassure themselves of their own identity. On a Philosophical level, we could say that racism does not provide room either for the unknown or the strange. All the facets of racism are dependent on the socio-economic, cultural and religious condition of any given society which reflects the over-emphasis of the skin color of a particular race. Racism is of many kinds. For example, in European History we have what is called state – organized racism where thousands of Jews were persecuted in History’s worst holocaust.  Ã‚