A Traveler from Altruria Essay - 1313 Words

A Traveler From Altruria Many people believe America to be the land of the free and the home of the brave; a place where we all have the rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The novel, A Traveler from Altruria ¸ written by author William Dean Howells, presents many of the ideals present in the culture of the late nineteenth century. The author uses the characters such as the lawyer, the minister, the professor, the banker and the novelist in the story to illustrate what is wrong the American society. The traveler from Altruria, Mr. Homos, comes to America to experience the everyday life in a country that promotes and prides itself on democracy and equality and has the foundation that all men are created equal. He is†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately this supports the idea that Americans truly only look out for themselves because those who do give back are few and far between. The professor has a major role in helping the Altrurian understand how American society functions. During this time period, education and business are kept separate, but the professor believes that one day they will eventually unite. The professor views businessmen as egotistical, self-centered individuals who abandon their morals in order to do what is necessary to benefit themselves. Education is seen as the opposite, a place for gentlemen. As a result, if someone wanted to be a good businessman he should not get an education because education would make him more moral and therefore less of a businessman. The banker believes education to be completely unnecessary because of the class system. The lower classes believe education to be unimportant because parents would prefer for their children to be at home working instead of going to school. The upper classes view education as unnecessary because they are likely to become businessmen and any education would simply give them a handicap. The professor himself agrees that his position is unnecessary. Without edu cation there is no way to teach others. There is no way to better our knowledge and understanding of the world around us.

Creativity and Innovation Free Essays

Introduction The nature of today’s business is highly competitive. So the success of every organization highly depends on the novel creative and innovative ideas. Creativity simply means thinking up new things. We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and Innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Innovation means applying those thoughts in to work. It is the conversion of new ideas into products and services. In a rapidly changing global world, managers must use all their abilities to forecast the future opportunities and threats. All these are for achieving and maintaining strategic advantage over the competitor. 2. Produce an appropriate rationale to persuade stakeholders of Aravind eye clinic of the benefits of creative and innovative management idea No business can win without make the stakeholders participating in their business. Stakeholders can motivate a business at a higher level by giving their support to the business. But the business men should take that advantage in a productive and efficient manner. Thereby their creative and innovative ideas can be converted into reality and thus the business can also be developed to a great extent. When we consider the case study, we can see that Dr. V, as the founder of Aravind eye clinic hospital struggled a lot to get his vision and mission fruitful. After analysing all risks associated with the vision and the future consequences they conducted a risks-benefit analysis and came up with new ventures that minimize all the risks and which provides more benefits to their future. Because of their creativity and innovations they have become the only hospital which provides Catarat surgery in India. For getting this kind of achievement stakeholders like owners,employees,customers,Government,communities,suppliers,investors†¦ etc, played an eminent role. Most of the people may resist changing. The success of a business man is lying in convincing these people about what will be the future benefits of changes that the company is going to test. The stakeholders are the key participants of any organization. The important justifications to persuade stakeholders of Aravind eye clinic of the benefits of innovation are: * We can go for the valuable opinions from the stakeholders whenever we need. They are more powerful resource to help in the difficult situations such as during inflation, technological advancement, employee attrition, strikes†¦ etc. Maintaining a healthy relationship with the stakeholders will help both the stakeholders and the organization to get the new information about the environment and the ways to improve their functions to a large extent. * Through communicating with the stakeholders frequently will help us to know what will be their reactions to our novel ideas, and we can change those ideas in to new one which can win their maximum support. * We need to know how best we can make them engage in our project. 2. bAs CEO how will you communicate creative and innovative management idea to stakeholders of an organization Stakeholders are the persons who have interest in knowing the financial position and performance of the organization. As CEO we need to know how best to hold them in our project and how best to communicate with them. We should know about what information they would like from us, their financial as well as emotional interest and what motivates them most†¦ etc,. The most suitable way to know this is directly talk to them. People are often quite open about their views and asking people’s opinions often is the first step in forming a successful relationship with them. For the effective communication with the stakeholders we need to keep in mind the following stuff: * We must understand first that who are the most valuable stakeholders of our organization. A stakeholder may be an investor, Government, supplier, employee, customer, owner†¦ etc. , We should keep a healthy conversation with all the stakeholders and should keep in touch with them often according to their importance or level of influence in our organization. * There may be some very interested people among the stakeholders, others may not car what we are doing and going to do. We should treat them according to their interest in our organization. * The products or services with good quality are itself a good communicator to the stakeholders. Thereby we can earn maximum support and benefits from them. * We should manage our stakeholders depends on the size and complexities of our creative and innovative management ideas and allocate the required time to communicate with them. * Think about what we actually need from each category of stakeholders and their level of influence in our organization. By analysing it we can communicate with the stakeholders in an effective manner. The matter or the messages that are going to convey must include what will be the future benefits of creative and innovative management ideas and try to convince the stakeholders to involve in the new project and persuade them to get maximum advantage from it. * We should work on to get the stakeholders to boost their level of interest. We should ensure that what we are doing is always af fecting stakeholders because if there are any problems we can discuss as early as possible thus reduce the problem by making discussions with stakeholders. . cEstablish key goals and priorities for implementation of a creative and innovative management idea using feedback from stakeholders. It is necessary to get feedback from stakeholders to establish key goals and priorities for implementing creative and innovative management ideas. In the case of Aravind the key goals and priorities for implementing creative and innovative management ideas are the following: * Setting fascinating goals : When we set goals it should be ensured that it motivates us. If we don’t have much interest in what we are doing the outcome will also like that without having any progress. So motivation is the first key to achieve goals. To achieve the goal we should have a commitment like I can or I must do. So setting goals which motivate us is very important and it should be the first footstep in implementing creative ideas. * Setting SMART objectives : The term SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time bound. Specific means it should be well defined and clear. Measurable means it should be measurable, so that we can measure the degree of success. Attainable means we should set the goals which can be achievable as anticipated. By setting realistic goals these are goals that require us to implement our ideas and it will bring personal satisfaction also. Time bound means the goal should be achieved within the prescribed time. When we are working on our dead line our sense of requirement increases and our achievement will also come faster. * Put goals in characters The physical act of writing our creative ideas makes it real and touchable. When we write ‘we will ‘instead of ‘we would like to’ in a sentence ‘we will’ get the power and the second lacks the passion and gives us an excuse if we get unfocused. * Make an action plan We get so focused on the outcome so we will forget to plan all of the steps that are needed along the way. By writing the individual ideas and when we cross each one off as we complete it we will realise our making progress towards our ultimate goal. This is important especially when our goals are very big. Fix on it Goal setting is a continuous process. We should build our reminders to keep ourselves in track and should make a time table for reviewing our goals. The action plan we set for ourselves can change but we should make sure that our importance, value and need remain high. 2. dAssess the barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea at Aravind Ey e Clinic Innovation barriers can be considered as organizational screening devices to filter worthy innovation projects from unworthy ones. Some of the obstacles and barriers to the implementation of creative and innovative management idea are given below: * Structural Barriers: Main barriers in this category include stratification, formalization, centralization and specialization. Stratification has been described in terms of allotment of rewards throughout an organization and degree of status, equivalence and ease of intra organizational mobility. Formalization means the degree to which an organization emphasizes following rules and procedures in the role performance of its members. If organizational members are expected to behave in predefined manner and innovation is not prescribed, fewer idea proposals will be generated. However, the singleness of purpose that accompanies formalization can make it easier to accept and execute new ideas. Centralization may be negatively related to idea proposals and positively related to adoption. When Specialization is high, initiation of idea proposals and idea adoption will be facilitated. * Social/political Barriers: These barriers pertain mainly to norms and power-related influences within organizations. Although accepted standards of behaviour and power may influence many organizational processes positively, some norms and power can have an influence up on innovative ideas. * Procedural Barriers: These barriers normally refer to policies, procedures, and rules that often restrain innovation. Certain procedures or managerial philosophies are also included in this category that although not officially codified, nevertheless can wield a powerful negative influence. * Resource Barriers: Resources like people, time, money, supplies and information may be affected. Innovation needs certain amount of resources beyond those needed for routine functioning. Implementing an innovation frequently requires that resources be shifted from one area to another. It will result in internal conflicts that can be very troublesome to the innovation process. * Individual Barriers: There are some individual barriers may arise while implementing the innovation. Fear of risk and failure of intolerance of hesitation and ambiguity are the most commonly cited barriers from individuals. Perceptions to innovation may be varied from person to person. We can find some barriers in Aravind Eye Clinic. Individual barriers and resource barriers are the most affecting barriers to them. 1. To implement innovations in their hospitals they have to co-ordinate the opinions of different people. Lack of such co-ordination is a main problem. 2. They have several branches all over India, so utilization of all the resources in an optimum manner will be a problem. 3. Because having wide spread locations they don’t have adequate staff in all their branches. 4. Lack of proper communication to all the branches is another barrier. 2. Plan a strategy to overcome identified barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea at Aravind Eye Clinics. The need to improve competitiveness of companies through their innovation performance demands continued execution of the broad-based innovation strategy. Every idea management process starts with idea generation. In our work we observe many barriers to innovation. Strategies t o overcome barriers to innovations are: 1. Reason If logic is undeniable then your case will also be irrefutable. If information or logic is suspect strategy is weakened. 2. Friendliness It helps others enjoy supporting you. Overuse may lead people to suspect your motives and competence. 3. Coalition It may seem overwhelming to others. It may be interpreted as conspiracy. 4. Assertiveness It is very effective when instant action is necessary. It may create bitterness with overuse. 5. Higher Authority It is effective when dealing with those who are unwilling to change. It may weaken relationships or be interpreted as a threat. The higher authority may view it as weakness. 6. Bargaining It may provide a quick result when you have something valuable/desirable to negotiate When we take the case study, by giving proper training and development to the staffs and other people may help to overcome some kind of barriers to innovation. Communicating with the stakeholders in a healthy way will help to reduce those obstacles. Communicate very open what will be the future changes that are going to conduct in the organization. 2. f Explain how a strategy plan for overcoming barriers will ensure innovative change is achieved. Now the AEC has become one of the most successful organizations all over India. The main barriers to innovations they have are: . To implement innovations in their hospitals they have to co-ordinate the opinions of different people. Lack of such co-ordination is a main problem. 2. They have several branches all over India, so utilization of all the resources in an optimum manner will be a problem. 3. Because having wide spread locations they don’t have adequate staff in all their branches. 4. Lack of proper communication to all the br anches is another barrier to innovation. 5. Lack of proper training is also a barrier to innovation. They are now providing more than one surgery in their hospitals. So utilization of their available resources in a productive manner is achieved by them. They have limited number of staffs to treat all the patients in a good manner, but now they are providing services to a great extent by starting new branches in remote areas also and appointed large amount of employees to meet all the requirements of all the patients. The wide spread locations of their hospitals make them difficult to co-ordinate all the activities, but through identifying and taking proper remedies to this problem they have reduced this barrier to a large extent. Providing good quality services are itself a good communicator to the society. AEC has achieved this kind of proper communication to the stakeholders and thereby they have attained their vision and mission fertile. 2. g Communicate a strategy plan for overcoming barriers to relevant stakeholders in an organization Stakeholders of an organization refer to those people who have a great interest to know about the organization such as their financial positions, performance†¦ etc. Key stakeholders of an organization includes employees, owners, investors, government, customers, communities, trade unions, creditors†¦ tc,. There are lot of communication barriers faced by an organization. The message intended by the sender is not understood by the receiver in the same terms and sense and thus communication breakdown occurs. It is essential to deal and cope up with these communication barriers so as to ensure smooth and effective communication. Overcoming the barriers to innovation i s much important matter in an organization. To achieve this there should be a proper communication with the stakeholders frequently. There are some points given to communicate with the stakeholders in an effective manner. . Use of Simple Language: Use of simple and clear words should be emphasized. Use of confusing words and jargons should be avoided. 2. Active Listening: Listen attentively and carefully to all the stakeholders while they are giving their feedback. There is a difference between â€Å"listening† and â€Å"hearing†. Active listening means hearing with proper understanding of the message. 3. Simple Organizational Structure: The organizational structure should not be complex. The number of hierarchical levels should be optimum. There should be an ideal span of control within the organization. Simpler the organizational structure, more effective will be the communication. 4. Give Constructive Feedback: Avoid giving negative feedback. The contents of the feedback might be negative, but it should be delivered constructively. Productive feedback will lead to effective communication with the stakeholders. The authority of the organization should take care of the communication with different stakeholders according to their importance or level of influence in the organization. All the strategies or plans which are formulated to overcome the barriers to innovations should be carefully communicated with all the stakeholders in an effective manner in order to get the maximum advantage from them. Conclusion By doing this assignment we can understand who the stakeholders are and how effectively an organization can win their support through maintaining a healthy relationship and by frequently communicating with them. An organization has different types of barriers to innovation and its success is lying on how well it can identify and overcome those barriers and make the business very successful. How to cite Creativity and Innovation, Essay examples Creativity and innovation Free Essays string(291) " regional patterns and national of technology development fleets the significance of external economic and non-economic factors that encourage the interactions of creative on all kinds of the community, which leads to economy into â€Å"virtuous circle† of technological development\." Today, MM is a multinational powerhouse, with more than $23 billion in annual sales across a product line 50,000 deep, from adhesives to optical film. It boasts 22,800 patents, many derived from its 15 percent program. The program has been key to m’s business strategy and could be a model for other companies eager to innovate (Bogged, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and innovation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 0 Contents 2. 1 Issues of MM 2. 1. 1 Structure in Relation to Innovation MM Company established in 1902 in Minnesota, United States, with more than 35 business units in America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia. Its line of business includes sandpapers for abrasives, wet and dry papers etc. The company has a good structure which enable them to overcome the setback they had at their first market entrance, of which they come out with new creative technique to innovate ideas together, as a result of the structure of its employees to work together, the company had a major breakthrough in the global market. m’s structure is finely well- positioned to accommodate growth and enable it to respond quickly to its rapidly- changing business demands. Conventional research on organizational innovativeness has explored the determinants of an organization’s propensity to innovate. Although researchers have analyses the influence of individual, organizational and environmental variables, most of the research has focused on organizational structure. Within the field of organizational structure theories, there has been a long tradition of investigating the links between environment, structures and organizational innovation. Several studies have shown how certain organizational structures facilitate the creation of new products and processes, especially in relation to fast changing environments. The work of micro-economists in the field of strategy emphasizes the superiority of certain organizational structures such as; flat organizational structure, which is similar to the structure adopted by MM ever the tall organizational structure, which is similar to the traditional structure used by the company. These economists argue that flat organizational structure helps an organization to become more innovative, because it enables all the members of the company to take part in its decision making process (Bernard, 2011). Similarly, contingency theory argues that the most appropriate structure for an organization is the one that gives its employees the opportunity to take part in its decision making process. This is mainly a flat organizational structure. This structure enables the employees of the company to directly inform the management of any new ideas they have without any form of bureaucracy to discourage them or slow the process (Bernard, 2011). 2. 1. Leadership Relation to Innovation Goal achieved through the company to become a global spread as widely from America to include all continents, it means that the leadership was wise and act with tact, simply that the leadership of MM was commitment and role models, before they are statements and opinions without plan. The executive manager was painting a picture in his mind about the perfect ways for employees what they should be in the many, the focus of leadership was the ability to influence the workers and employees by motivating them to seek enthusiasm and commitment to achieve the targets. Opinion of the author that the behaviors practiced by executive manager with the workers and staff was effective approach, were his interaction with clear steps as planned already, the most important characteristics is coordination and organization and urged the workers to complete the work on time, and provided them with a great degree of satisfaction and degree of coherence of the group. Such an environment can be more effective than monetary incentives in sustaining innovation. The executive manager made explicit steps to foster an innovation culture based on trust among employees, in this environment the staff can be effective in sustaining innovation and the executive manager made clear steps to encourage and foster an innovation culture based on the basis of trust between staff and employees. According to (Woodlot Horny, 2002). Thinking in regularity and logical leading to organizational focus and thinking before planning and about planning is a natural evolution expresses minds, Requires basically to be clear on what we want to do at all levels for internal and external affairs And then put the appropriate plans and system for monitoring To make sure of doing things to the fullest is fine. Barnum, 2004) shows the main thing is focus to well Planning and it is what makes the Plan an effective strategy to innovate the most important things and focus is necessary to organizational success . 2. 1. 3 Linkages and Networking to Innovation The most important characteristic of the company MM is to communicate with the global and local communities and looking for the needs and interests of the customers, MM has established many of the communication skills to meet customers and hear their views. M has hired a staff to service the customers with dignity and respect and to feel the customers satisfied after the communicate with them by providing clear and sufficient information either through direct talks informally, or via email and so on. The company did not reach to the global of non-understanding of customer needs and engage them in innovation and give their opinions and their views. In cases of opening up new areas MM used the ideas and opinions of customers from outside the company as part of the development team for blending views and engaging them as part of the development team to mix views. Linking research and experience with customers led to enhance the level of customer satisfaction and knowledge of the product and how to meet its needs and helped to define the identity of the company not only meet the needs of customers but extend to many of the ideas that rise to the concept of creating a response to the wishes of the expected customers. Thus, these methods have served and satisfied the customers ,have increased activity and effectiveness of the company (Stern, 2001). The variations between regional patterns and national of technology development fleets the significance of external economic and non-economic factors that encourage the interactions of creative on all kinds of the community, which leads to economy into â€Å"virtuous circle† of technological development. You read "Creativity and innovation" in category "Papers" . 0 Analyze difficulties in using MM in different cultural situation Depending on the country of the author (Syria) has many advantages, including the presence of an important human resources and skills in the labor market academically and technically need to support and appropriate guidance to get the benefit desired and required from fresh graduate of colleges as well as international experts of Syrian origin. The establishment a futuristic company ( AZIZA ) the author will face many obstacles, including challenges related to community and economic environment and investment and business owners. Challenges related to the majority of the community members-the community in general aspiring to reach higher ranks of government and minimizing the importance of managing a business career as an option. Where the failure is treated always in a negative way and the entrepreneur in the case of failure Just for once-is considered human being failed a lifetime which limits innovation and development. In Syria, there is the problem of routine and bureaucracy in all sectors where high proportions in the institutions of the public sector and less in the private sector, which is Considered Bad of the work environment in Syria and must be combated to eliminate them through the process of contributing to the awareness community using modern technology to eliminate routine and bureaucracy and serious contribution to the idea of creating a single window (Haddam, 2012). One of the challenges and not to take full advantage of previous experience and be taken into account as a reference lichen performance of he work, as well as the policy of the state and the economic system in the country, the culture of the community is also full of routine, there is no full advantage of the technology and techniques in the field of electronic daily work, the lack of automation of processes in the offices which leads to lose time, which leads to lack of innovation (Haddam, 2012). . 0 Evidence of reflection on how insights relate to student own situation and how learning might applied in current situation Motivate the staff by a variety of ways. While a employee will rewarded by a rise of pay, another will measure their success wrought a promotion. Also the training could be a strong factor to motivate for the staff, and this also helps them to acquire a new skills. Thereby increasing performance of their Job and stimulates them to creative new things. Adoption of th e good incentives stems from a measure of fair and realistic comes the following results : Raising the level of production of employees, which is reflected on the production, cut the company costs by reducing the damage, the spread of a positive atmosphere between the members of the company because of the general sense of attestation and Justice, Increase in the number wishing to Join the company of qualified and creators, and the presence of a picture of a shiny bright and positive of the society (Fedora, 2005). What draw the attention of the author also is a constant quest of MM Company in the preparation of future plans for the administration the transitional phase. According to (Donald, 2012), organizational transition management is an approach to changing an organization situation from a current state to a desired future state. It is an organizational process aimed at helping to hanged stakeholders to accept and embrace changes in their business environment. Similarly, (Cotter, 2011) defines transition management as the utilization of basic structures and tools to control any organizational change effort. Change management’s goal is to minimize the change impacts on workers and avoid distractions. Examples of organizational change include; Mission changes, Strategic changes, Structural changes, Technological changes, and Changing the attitudes and behaviors of employees. As a multidisciplinary practice that has evolved as a result of scholarly research, Organizational Transition Management should begin with a hysteretic diagnosis of the current situation, in order to determine both the need for change and the capability to change. The objectives, content, and process of change should all be specified as part of the Transition Management Plan (Gaffer, 2012). Transition Management processes may include creative marketing to enable communication between change audiences, but also deep social understanding about leadership’s styles and group dynamics. As a visible track on transformation projects, Organizational Transition Management aligns groups’ expectations, communicates, integrates teams and manages people training. It makes use of performance metrics, such as financial results, operational efficiency, leadership commitment, communication effectiveness, and the perceived need for change to design appropriate strategies, in order to avoid change failures (Gaffer, 2012). According to ( Kings, 2012), successful transition management is more likely to occur if the following are included: ; Benefits management and realization to define measurable stakeholder aims, create a business case for their achievement (which should be continuously updated), and monitor assumptions, risks, dependencies, sots, return on investment, ad’s-benefits and cultural issues affecting the progress of the associated work. Effective Communications that informs various stakeholders of the reasons for the change, the benefits of successful implementation, as well as the details of the change (when? Where? Who is involved? How much will it cost? Etc. ). ; Devise an effective education, training and/or skills upgrading scheme for the organization. ; Counter resistance from the employees of companies and align them to overall strategic direction of the organization. ; Provide personal counseling (if squired) to alleviate any change-related fears. Monitoring of the implementa tion and fine-tuning as required. The corporation is like a tree that grows from its roots, core products are nourished by competencies and engender business units, whose fruit are products. Three tests are proposed to identify core competencies in an organization: a core competence provides potential access to a wide variety of markets, it should make a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the end product, and finally a core competence should be difficult for competitors to imitate. The core products provide a tangible link between identified core competencies and the end products. Organizations need to build their strategies within different clear scenarios, in different ways, based on different competencies for the purposes of achieving real advantages in the shadow of unknown, risk, and uncertain future (Canon, 2011). 5. 0 Discussion of challenges in transforming their learning into action given their particular strength and limitations This case study taught the author the importance of organizational change and how it helps an organization to become more innovative and competitive. It also helped the author to learn a detailed method of implementing organizational change, in order to avoid any form of disruption or problem in the process. This include; Prepare, Plan, Design, implement, Operate, and Optimize processes. In addition, this research helped the author to learn the importance of focus strategy and core competency and how they help an organization to become very competitive in their respective industries. The author also learned the disadvantages of individual work and how it negatively affects the productivity and innovativeness of organizations. In the author endeavourers as a future manager, will apply this methodology whenever it deems necessary by adopting the strategy and processes used by MM – Prepare, Plan, Design, implement, Operate, and Optimize processes. This is because; the method will enable him to assess and align the organization’s threshold capabilities with its strategy before implementing it. The strategy will also help to avoid individual work and equally help the organization to focus on its core competency, thereby gaining more competitive advantage over its competitors. The challenges that the author may face when applying this insight as a manager in future could be inadequate skilful employees and employees’ resistance to change. However, the author will resolve this issue by ensuring that the employees of the organization are encouraged to adapt to the change resulting from the new strategy implementation through rewards and training on the importance of the change to them and the organization. By so doing, the organization will always successfully implement any form of strategy relevant to its success and growth. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, MM is a very successful organization and a market leader, because of TTS ability to adopt new processes and adapt to the changes resulting from it. This also makes it to innovative very often, because it employees tend to be exposed to various operational processes, which helps them to constantly think of new ways to carry out their tasks. It also enables its employees to be constantly trained in vari ous areas, thereby helping them to learn and transfer new knowledge, skills, attitudes, and abilities to their Jobs. How to cite Creativity and innovation, Papers

Owen`S Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Example For Students

Owen`S Dulce Et Decorum Est Essay Owens poem serves to uncover the lie that it is sweet and becoming to die for ones country. Owens use of diction, vivid language, and graphic imagery emphasizes his point. The poem describes the fatigue, blindness, evil, obscenity, death, sufferings, and disgust of war. It shows the true life of a soldier, lying low, ill, endlessly trudging through mud with bloody feet, away from and into the pain of gas poisoning of comrades, and away from the injured and dead, but never away from the memories. It ends with a bitter attack on those who see glory in the death of others. The only beauty in this poem is an idea that rest will come. Unfortunately, it is pointed out that the only rest is an undignified death; for those who sleep, sleep restlessly. The ugliness of war is described as low like old beggars under sacks, diseased coughing like hags, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind, exhausting drunk with fatigue, pointless floundring . . . Dim . . As under a green sea . . . drowning, careless of living or dead flung aside, evil like a devils sick of sin, disgusting like eyes writhing . . . blood gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs. . . vile, incurable sores, bitter as the cud, and merciless on innocent tongues. The comparisons of lines 1, 14, 20, and 23 through 24, describe the soldier as someone the reader can see and war as the disease Owen wants the inexperienced to understand. 1 Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,14 As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. 20 His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin;This places the reader in the soldiers place?drowning, stumbling, and fumblingand shows the lack of glory in war. These lines tell the reader what a man becomes once he has been to war?less than an admirable human, drowned in evil deeds, and emotionless. Lines 23 and 24 give war a character. 23 Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud24 Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,They create a tangible entity for the reader. They show the truth of the creature of war?cancerous, bitter, incurable?and its eternal, undignified effect on the innocent. Owen uses plural pronouns and the past tense to describe what cannot be undone. He uses we and our to include the reader as part of the ill-equipped troops?as tired marchers and witnesses to death and pain. Owen changes to the present tense and singular pronouns to prove he was there and speaks specifically to those who could not know without experience. He relates urgency through his personal experiences to those who might believe that to die in war is a glorious and heroic act. He points a very strong finger at those who would influence the innocent. The thought of killing, watching comrades be killed, and of constantly trying to survive is horrific. Owens precise details of the emotions, thoughts and sights of the soldier, succeed to drive the full horror home. The scene witnessed by Owen is detailed enough to seem familiar. All the senses are used by Owen; the constant inputs of sound, smell, touch as well as sight increase the dimensions of his images. He attempts to connect war with other aspects of human suffering. Owen makes images and actions recognizable, even to those who have never experienced war. Poetry Essays